Veterinary Allergy and Skin Conditions
54 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism leading to adverse reactions to food in dogs?

  • An autoimmune response to environmental allergens
  • A sensitivity to carbohydrate sources in the diet
  • The specific protein source in the diet (correct)
  • An intolerance to dietary preservatives

    • Which clinical sign is NOT commonly associated with food allergies in dogs?

  • Secondary yeast and bacterial infections
  • Excessive paw licking (correct)
  • Nonseasonal pruritus
  • Gastrointestinal signs

    • Which breed is associated with primary idiopathic seborrhea?

  • Labrador Retriever
  • Beagle
  • Cocker Spaniel (correct)
  • German Shepherd

    • What is a KEY feature of Cytopoint's effectiveness in dogs?

    <p>Effects are noted within 24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is used for diagnosing a food allergy in dogs?

    <p>Elimination diet trial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of the pemphigus complex?

    <p>Production of IgG antibodies targeting adhesion molecules within the epidermis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following areas is least commonly affected by pemphigus foliaceus in cats?

    <p>Abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment option is exclusively used for cats suffering from autoimmune skin disorders?

    <p>Chlorambucil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical sign may pemphigus foliaceus in cats frequently mimic due to its pustular nature?

    <p>Bacterial pyoderma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the diagnosis of autoimmune skin disorders, which method is considered the most definitive?

    <p>Skin biopsy for histopathology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common area affected by autoimmune skin disorders?

    <p>Nasal planum and ear pinnae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is recommended for pemphigus complex in dogs?

    <p>Immunosuppressive doses of corticosteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is indicative of hepatocutaneous syndrome?

    <p>Severe crusting of footpads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common treatment for cases of autoimmune skin disorders?

    <p>Azathioprine, specifically in dogs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential consequence of hepatocutaneous syndrome?

    <p>Extremely guarded prognosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lesions are often seen in autoimmune skin disorders?

    <p>Crusts covering erosions or ulcers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic method is primarily used for autoimmune skin disorders?

    <p>Skin biopsy for histopathology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these options describes a key characteristic of pemphigus foliaceus?

    <p>Characterized by subcorneal to intraepidermal pustules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary cause of external otitis that is least likely to affect dogs?

    <p>Poultry mites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor may contribute to external otitis in breeds with high numbers of ceruminous glands?

    <p>Increased cerumen production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is NOT listed as a primary cause of external otitis?

    <p>Chronic skin infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What predisposing factor is associated with pendulous pinnae in certain breeds?

    <p>Limited access to the ear canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a reason why excessive cerumen complicates the treatment of otitis?

    <p>It traps foreign material in the ear canal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of sebaceous adenitis?

    <p>Nonpruritic excessive scaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which breed is NOT predisposed to sebaceous adenitis?

    <p>Beagles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for plasma cell pododermatitis?

    <p>Doxycycline for 10 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnostic procedure for nodular skin disorders?

    <p>Deep skin biopsy including subcutis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential cause is associated with erythema multiforme and toxic epidermal necrolysis?

    <p>Drugs or vaccinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Glycotech as described in the document?

    <p>To act as a diagnostic or therapeutic instrument for Pseudomonas bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which components are notably involved in the operation of Glycotech?

    <p>Monosaccharides and amikyls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the treatment of small animals, what does the document specify about treatment approaches?

    <p>Treatment depends entirely on the diagnosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT mentioned as a primary area of concern related to small animals?

    <p>Hematologic disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options closely relates to the complications expected with otitis media in cats as per the document notes?

    <p>Tympanic bulla involvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary diagnostic method for confirming uveitis in dogs?

    <p>Signalment and clinical signs evaluation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is most commonly used for dermatomyositis in dogs?

    <p>Pentoxifylline, with or without corticosteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typically characterizes the skin lesions associated with uveitis?

    <p>Melanocyte destruction and cosmetic lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Juvenile cellulitis in young dogs is primarily characterized by which of the following symptoms?

    <p>Pustules, crusts, and regional lymphadenopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following complications is specifically associated with CN7 in dogs?

    <p>CN7 paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action regarding breeding for dogs diagnosed with dermatomyositis?

    <p>Recommend against breeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of otitis media in animal health?

    <p>Impacts the middle ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'bulla divided ventromedial & dorsolateral' signify?

    <p>An anatomical division in the bulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is commonly referred to as 'puppy strangles'?

    <p>Juvenile cellulitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific symptom is NOT typically associated with juvenile cellulitis?

    <p>Pyoderma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom may indicate chronic pathological changes in the ear?

    <p>Hyperplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic method for uveitis?

    <p>Ultrasound of abdominal organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential result of poor healing in veterinary medicine related to ear conditions?

    <p>Altered glandular secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical features are primarily associated with a predisposition to ear canal issues in certain dog breeds?

    <p>Increased numbers of ceruminous glands and stenotic ear canals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial species is NOT commonly associated with bacterial otitis in animals?

    <p><em>Escherichia coli</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under which condition should a ceruminolytic cleaner not be used in ear treatment?

    <p>In the presence of ruptured tympanic membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the nature of ear canal issues in animals?

    <p>They are frequently secondary to a primary underlying issue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended frequency for applying ear medication in the treatment of ear canal issues?

    <p>Twice a day for 5 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is commonly used to identify ear mites in animals?

    <p>Black, brown, or coffee-ground debris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which future complication might arise due to media-related issues affecting the ear?

    <p>Facial nerve (CN7) and vestibulocochlear nerve (CN8) deficits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically the timeframe for observing maximal improvement in clinical signs following treatment with certain medications?

    <p>Up to 2 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cytopoint

    • Monoclonal antibody targeting IL-31
    • Provides 4-8 weeks of relief
    • Suitable for dogs of all ages
    • Noticeable effect within 24 hours
    • Minimal side effects

    Adverse Reaction to Food (Food Allergy)

    • Mechanism of the disease is not understood
    • Typically caused by protein sources in the diet
    • Rarely occurs following a change in diet
    • Clinical signs:
      • Non-seasonal pruritus
      • Variable response to corticosteroids
      • Lesions secondary to self-trauma
      • Secondary yeast and bacterial skin and ear infections are common
      • Gastrointestinal signs in some animals
    • Can occur in animals of any age including older dogs

    Diagnosis of Food Allergy

    • Elimination diet trial
    • Pruritus reduction of 50% or more

    Treatment of Food Allergy

    • Remove the irritating substance by bathing or avoiding the irritating substance

    Primary Idiopathic Seborrhea

    • Hereditary or genetic tendency
    • Most common form
    • Cocker spaniels, springer spaniels, and West Highland white terriers are predisposed
    • Clinical signs:
      • Excessive dry or greasy scales

    Hepatocutaneous Syndrome

    • Cutaneous manifestation of end-stage liver disease
    • Associated with glucagonoma in humans
    • Clinical signs:
      • Older dogs
      • Severe crusting of footpads, elbows, and commissures of the mouth
      • Systemic illness

    Diagnosis of Hepatocutaneous Syndrome

    • Signalment and clinical signs
    • Histopathology
    • Evidence of liver failure

    Treatment of Hepatocutaneous Syndrome

    • Typically unsuccessful with guarded prognosis
    • Correct liver disease if possible
    • Nutritional management (intravenous amino acids)

    Autoimmune Skin Disorders (General Characteristics)

    • Similar manifestations of autoimmunity
    • Crusts covering erosions or ulcers are typical lesions
    • Common affected areas:
      • Nasal planum
      • Ear pinnae
      • Footpads
    • Some diseases may affect the oral cavity or mucous membranes

    Diagnosis of Autoimmune Skin Disorders

    • Skin biopsy for histopathology
    • Additional laboratory tests may be required if systemic signs

    Treatment of Autoimmune Skin Disorders

    • Immunosuppressive doses of corticosteroids
    • Azathioprine (dogs only)
    • Chlorambucil (typically used in cats)
    • Other immunosuppressive agents (cyclosporine or gold salts)

    Pemphigus Complex

    • Mechanism: IgG antibodies target adhesion molecules within the epidermis resulting in acantholysis of keratinocytes
    • Lesions: pustules, superficial or deep erosions, ulcers

    Pemphigus Foliaceus

    • Most common autoimmune skin disorder
    • Epidermal involvement only
    • Common areas: planum, pinnae, footpads, and other body areas
    • Characterized by subcorneal to intraepidermal pustules
    • Can mimic pyoderma due to pustular nature

    Pemphigus Foliaceus (Cats)

    • Head most common, also pinna, nasal planum, and periocular

    Important Notes

    • ↑ liver enzymes
    • ↓ albumin
    • Glucose

    Uveitis

    • Acute onset of uveitis
    • Hypopigmentation of the skin typically on the face
    • Diagnosis:
      • Signalment and clinical signs
      • Skin biopsy for histopathology
      • Histopathology of ocular tissue
    • Treatment:
      • Treat the uveitis
      • Skin lesions are cosmetic
      • All melanocytes will be destroyed

    Dermatomyositis

    • Inherited disorder specific to Collies and Shetland Sheepdogs
    • Inflammatory response targeting hair follicles and mastication muscles
    • Muscle atrophy and scarring may occur
    • Onset usually before one year of age
    • Clinical signs: Alopecia, erythema, erosions, ulcers with crusts
    • Myopathy may or may not be present

    Diagnosis of Dermatomyositis

    • Breed and clinical signs
    • Histopathology of skin and muscle

    Treatment of Dermatomyositis

    • Pentoxifylline with or without corticosteroids
    • Recommend against breeding

    Juvenile Cellulitis

    • Commonly referred to as "puppy strangles"
    • Immune-mediated condition, exact trigger is not understood
    • Often associated with staphylococcal infection
    • Clinical signs:
      • Pustules, crusts, and cellulitis
      • Typically affects the head and neck
      • Regional lymphadenopathy
      • Pyrexia, lethargy, and depression

    Diagnosis of Juvenile Cellulitis

    - Signalment and clinical signs
- Rule out other causes of folliculitis

    Erythema Multiforme and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

    • Unknown mechanism, potentially caused by an antigen (drug, toxin, or vaccination)
    • Clinical signs:
      • Vesicular or ulcerative skin lesions
      • Possible systemic illness
    • Diagnosis:
      • Detailed history and physical exam
      • Skin biopsy for histopathology
    • Treatment:
      • Identify and remove causative agent
      • Supportive care
      • Immunosuppressive therapy may be needed

    Sebaceous Adenitis

    • Immune-mediated destruction of sebaceous glands
    • Clinical signs:
      • Excessive scaling
      • Follicular casts
      • Patchy alopecia
      • Secondary bacterial and yeast infections
        • Common
        • Non-pruritic
    • Breeds predisposed: Standard poodles, Akitas, Samoyeds
    • Diagnosis: Histopathology
    • Treatment:
      • Antiseborrheic therapy
      • Topical treatments to restore sebum

    Plasma Cell Pododermatitis

    • Thought to be immune-mediated, but the mechanism is unknown
    • Clinical signs:
      • Soft, painless swelling of footpads (in cats)
      • Multiple footpads affected
    • Diagnosis:
      • Detailed history, physical exam
      • Histopathology
    • Treatment:
      • Doxycycline orally (80% response rate)
      • Corticosteroids
      • Possible spontaneous regression
      • Surgery is an option

    Nodular Skin Disorders

    • Differential diagnosis:
      • Infectious causes
      • Neoplasia
      • Sterile inflammatory causes
    • Diagnosis:
      • Deep skin biopsy
      • Tissue culture (rule out infectious causes)
      • Histopathology
    • Infectious Causes:
      • Bacterial infections
      • Fungal infections
      • Atypical mycobacterial infections

    Treatment of Ear Conditions

    • Depends entirely on the diagnosis

    Otitis (General Concepts)

    • Ear is an extension of the skin
    • Conditions affecting the skin can affect the external ear canals

    Cerumen

    • Debris produced by sebaceous and apocrine glands
    • Found in ear canals
    • Can trap foreign material complicating treatments

    External Otitis

    • Inflammation of the external ear canal
    • Primary causes:
      • Parasites:
        • Otodectes cyanotis (ear mites)
        • Otobius megnini (spinous ear tick)
        • Demodex mites
        • Eutrombicula alfreddugesi (chiggers)
        • Sarcoptes scabiei
        • Poultry mites
      • Allergic disorders:
        • Most common cause of chronic otitis inflammation in dogs
        • Atopy
        • Adverse reaction to food
        • Contact dermatitis
      • Foreign bodies
      • Keratinization disorders:
        • Primary seborrhea
        • Hypothyroidism
      • Cancer of the ear canal
      • Autoimmune disorders

    Predisposing Causes for External Otitis

    • Factors that alter the microenvironment:
      • Breeds with increased numbers of ceruminous glands
        • Example: Cocker spaniels
      • Breeds with stenotic ear canals
        • Example: Shar-pei, Chow Chow
      • Pendulous pinnae may restrict access to the ear canal
    • Excessive moisture
      • Frequent swimming

    Neoplasia

    • Cancer of the ear canal

    Sterile Diseases

    • Sterile granuloma
    • Sterile nodular panniculitis

    Glycotech

    • Uses monosaccharides and amikyls
    • Polyglycosides
    • Used for Pseudomonas bacteria
    • Remember*: This summary was generated by an AI, and it is based on the provided text. While the AI has attempted to capture the key information, it is advised to consult reliable veterinary resources and a professional for complete and accurate information.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the treatment and diagnosis of allergies and skin conditions in dogs, including food allergies and primary idiopathic seborrhea. This quiz covers therapies like Cytopoint and effective dietary management strategies. Learn about the symptoms, diagnosis methods, and specific breeds prone to skin issues.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser