T1 L23: Allergy MTz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a cardinal feature of clinical allergy syndromes?

  • Potentially life-threatening generalised allergic reaction (correct)
  • Typically soluble and low molecular weight
  • Interesting, but .important or coincidence
  • Systemic release of histamine

    • What is the most common type of food allergy among UK adults?

  • Oral allergy syndrome (correct)
  • Chronic allergic inflammation
  • Anaphylaxis
  • Airway disease

    • What are the cardinal features of clinical allergy syndromes?

  • Typical symptoms
  • Multi-system and dramatic
  • Rapidly follows exposure to credible allergen
  • All of the above (correct)

    • What are the symptoms of airway disease?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Th2 responses in allergy?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of chronic asthma?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the late phase reaction in allergic inflammation?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for the early phase allergic reaction?

    <p>Mast cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic mechanism of the early phase allergic reaction?

    <p>Binding of allergens to IgE antibodies on mast cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of T cells in sensitization to environmental allergens?

    <p>T cells activate mast cells in response to allergens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of an allergen source?

    <p>Histamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of allergens?

    <p>They are almost always innocuous environmental proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the clinical features of the early phase allergic reaction?

    <p>Skin rash and hives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the delayed mediators produced during the early phase allergic reaction?

    <p>Leukotrienes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a treatment option for atopic asthma?

    <p>Omalizumab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of omalizumab?

    <p>Reducing allergen-specific IgE levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of allergen-specific immunotherapy?

    <p>Inducing regulatory T cell responses to allergens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment option is used for oral desensitisation in children with peanut allergy?

    <p>Oral peanut desensitisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the median tolerated dose in a food challenge for oral peanut desensitisation in children?

    <p>5000mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach for long-term protection after oral peanut desensitisation?

    <p>Continue daily peanut exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main immunological effect of allergen immunotherapy?

    <p>Inducing regulatory T cell responses to allergens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of skin prick testing and serological detection of allergen-specific IgE?

    <p>To diagnose allergic diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the various treatment options for allergic diseases?

    <p>Corticosteroids, omalizumab, allergen-specific immunotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential factor in the etiology of allergy according to the text?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, which of the following is true about the hygiene hypothesis?

    <p>Low hygiene levels can skew immunity towards Th2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, which of the following is a potential effect of chronic allergic disease?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, which of the following is a true role for T cells in chronic inflammation?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, which of the following is a characteristic of mast cell stabilizers?

    <p>Reduce mast cell degranulation by unknown mechanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, which of the following is a characteristic of H1 antihistamines?

    <p>Inverse agonists at H1 histamine receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, how do corticosteroids reduce immune activation?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most common symptom of oral allergy syndrome?

    <p>Itching in the mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of laryngeal edema in anaphylaxis?

    <p>Histamine release in the airways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common trigger of food allergies in the United Kingdom?

    <p>Foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate proportion of people referred with anaphylaxis who actually have anaphylaxis?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of delayed mediators in allergic reactions?

    <p>They are only relevant to asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of skin prick testing?

    <p>To identify allergen-specific IgE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of allergens?

    <p>They are naturally occurring proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cardinal feature of anaphylaxis?

    <p>Generalized release of histamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the late phase allergic reaction?

    <p>It is associated with chronic inflammation of asthma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of T cells are particularly important for mucosal immunity?

    <p>T helper 17 cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of regulatory T cells?

    <p>To damp down immune responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism of action of biologic therapies for asthma?

    <p>Targeting T helper 2 cell cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct mechanism of a type one allergic reaction?

    <p>Exposure to allergens leads to the rapid development of symptoms within seconds or minutes of exposure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of mast cells in the early phase allergic reaction?

    <p>Mast cells bind allergens to pre-formed antibodies on their surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of allergen-specific immunotherapy?

    <p>To desensitize the immune system to specific allergens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of chronic allergic inflammation?

    <p>It is associated with the release of delayed mediators.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the most enduring hypothesis of allergy?

    <p>The hygiene hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is a potential factor in the etiology of allergy?

    <p>Large family size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the main purpose of allergen-specific immunotherapy?

    <p>To induce regulatory phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is a potential effect of chronic allergic disease?

    <p>Increased risk of autoimmunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the LEAP Study, what percentage of infants in the avoidance group who were test positive at baseline became allergic to peanuts?

    <p>35%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the age at which infants in the LEAP Study were randomized to either peanut avoidance or regular peanut consumption?

    <p>6 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the LEAP Study, what percentage of infants in the consumption group developed peanut allergy?

    <p>2%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the LEAP Study?

    <p>To study the effects of early peanut exposures on infants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of infants in the avoidance group who were test negative at the beginning went on to develop peanut allergy?

    <p>13.7%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the duration of the LEAP Study?

    <p>5 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the late phase allergic reaction?

    <p>It is a delayed reaction that occurs several hours after exposure to the allergen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between pure allergic asthma and most cases of asthma?

    <p>Pure allergic asthma is triggered by specific allergens, while most cases of asthma have no specific triggers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of T cells in chronic inflammation?

    <p>T cells recruit inflammatory cells and contribute to the persistence of inflammation in chronic allergic diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is a potential factor in the etiology of allergy?

    <p>Excessive cleanliness and reduced exposure to microbial agents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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