T1 L23: Allergy MTz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a cardinal feature of clinical allergy syndromes?

  • Potentially life-threatening generalised allergic reaction (correct)
  • Typically soluble and low molecular weight
  • Interesting, but .important or coincidence
  • Systemic release of histamine

What is the most common type of food allergy among UK adults?

  • Oral allergy syndrome (correct)
  • Chronic allergic inflammation
  • Anaphylaxis
  • Airway disease

What are the cardinal features of clinical allergy syndromes?

  • Typical symptoms
  • Multi-system and dramatic
  • Rapidly follows exposure to credible allergen
  • All of the above (correct)

What are the symptoms of airway disease?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Th2 responses in allergy?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of chronic asthma?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the late phase reaction in allergic inflammation?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are responsible for the early phase allergic reaction?

<p>Mast cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic mechanism of the early phase allergic reaction?

<p>Binding of allergens to IgE antibodies on mast cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of T cells in sensitization to environmental allergens?

<p>T cells activate mast cells in response to allergens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of an allergen source?

<p>Histamine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of allergens?

<p>They are almost always innocuous environmental proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the clinical features of the early phase allergic reaction?

<p>Skin rash and hives (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the delayed mediators produced during the early phase allergic reaction?

<p>Leukotrienes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a treatment option for atopic asthma?

<p>Omalizumab (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of omalizumab?

<p>Reducing allergen-specific IgE levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of allergen-specific immunotherapy?

<p>Inducing regulatory T cell responses to allergens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment option is used for oral desensitisation in children with peanut allergy?

<p>Oral peanut desensitisation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the median tolerated dose in a food challenge for oral peanut desensitisation in children?

<p>5000mg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach for long-term protection after oral peanut desensitisation?

<p>Continue daily peanut exposure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main immunological effect of allergen immunotherapy?

<p>Inducing regulatory T cell responses to allergens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of skin prick testing and serological detection of allergen-specific IgE?

<p>To diagnose allergic diseases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the various treatment options for allergic diseases?

<p>Corticosteroids, omalizumab, allergen-specific immunotherapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential factor in the etiology of allergy according to the text?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, which of the following is true about the hygiene hypothesis?

<p>Low hygiene levels can skew immunity towards Th2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, which of the following is a potential effect of chronic allergic disease?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, which of the following is a true role for T cells in chronic inflammation?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, which of the following is a characteristic of mast cell stabilizers?

<p>Reduce mast cell degranulation by unknown mechanism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, which of the following is a characteristic of H1 antihistamines?

<p>Inverse agonists at H1 histamine receptor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, how do corticosteroids reduce immune activation?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most common symptom of oral allergy syndrome?

<p>Itching in the mouth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of laryngeal edema in anaphylaxis?

<p>Histamine release in the airways (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common trigger of food allergies in the United Kingdom?

<p>Foods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate proportion of people referred with anaphylaxis who actually have anaphylaxis?

<p>10% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of delayed mediators in allergic reactions?

<p>They are only relevant to asthma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of skin prick testing?

<p>To identify allergen-specific IgE (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of allergens?

<p>They are naturally occurring proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cardinal feature of anaphylaxis?

<p>Generalized release of histamine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the late phase allergic reaction?

<p>It is associated with chronic inflammation of asthma. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of T cells are particularly important for mucosal immunity?

<p>T helper 17 cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of regulatory T cells?

<p>To damp down immune responses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanism of action of biologic therapies for asthma?

<p>Targeting T helper 2 cell cytokines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct mechanism of a type one allergic reaction?

<p>Exposure to allergens leads to the rapid development of symptoms within seconds or minutes of exposure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of mast cells in the early phase allergic reaction?

<p>Mast cells bind allergens to pre-formed antibodies on their surface. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of allergen-specific immunotherapy?

<p>To desensitize the immune system to specific allergens. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of chronic allergic inflammation?

<p>It is associated with the release of delayed mediators. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the most enduring hypothesis of allergy?

<p>The hygiene hypothesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is a potential factor in the etiology of allergy?

<p>Large family size (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the main purpose of allergen-specific immunotherapy?

<p>To induce regulatory phenotype (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is a potential effect of chronic allergic disease?

<p>Increased risk of autoimmunity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the LEAP Study, what percentage of infants in the avoidance group who were test positive at baseline became allergic to peanuts?

<p>35% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the age at which infants in the LEAP Study were randomized to either peanut avoidance or regular peanut consumption?

<p>6 months (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the LEAP Study, what percentage of infants in the consumption group developed peanut allergy?

<p>2% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the LEAP Study?

<p>To study the effects of early peanut exposures on infants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of infants in the avoidance group who were test negative at the beginning went on to develop peanut allergy?

<p>13.7% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the duration of the LEAP Study?

<p>5 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the late phase allergic reaction?

<p>It is a delayed reaction that occurs several hours after exposure to the allergen. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between pure allergic asthma and most cases of asthma?

<p>Pure allergic asthma is triggered by specific allergens, while most cases of asthma have no specific triggers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of T cells in chronic inflammation?

<p>T cells recruit inflammatory cells and contribute to the persistence of inflammation in chronic allergic diseases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is a potential factor in the etiology of allergy?

<p>Excessive cleanliness and reduced exposure to microbial agents. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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