30 Questions
What is the primary focus of CLO2 in Veterinary Pathology?
Identifying the cells and organs of the immune system
What is the result of increased blood inflow in tissues?
Hyperemia
What is the primary goal of CLO7 in Veterinary Pathology?
Describing alterations in blood flow and perfusion
What is the term for increased blood flow to a particular area of the body?
Hyperemia
Which of the following is NOT a result of decreased blood outflow?
Dehydration
What is the primary focus of CLO4 in Veterinary Pathology?
Describing fever, shock, and dehydration
What is the purpose of peripheral vasoconstriction as a mechanism of defense?
To allow the body to retain core heat for longer
What is the critical percentage of blood loss that is considered life-threatening?
35%
Which type of shock is caused by blood maldistribution?
Neurogenic shock
What is the most common cause of sepsis in dogs?
Gastrointestinal tract leakage
What is the effect of peripheral vasoconstriction on oxygen delivery to core organs?
Increased oxygen delivery
What is the term for the pooling of blood in peripheral tissues?
Stasis
What is the primary cause of decreased blood flow and congestion in a tissue?
Decreased outflow with a normal increased inflow of blood
What is the characteristic appearance of a tissue with increased blood flow due to arteriolar dilation?
Redder
What is the term for the active process of increased blood flow due to arteriolar dilation?
Hyperemia
What is the effect of increased metabolic activity on blood flow in a tissue?
Increased blood flow
What is the primary difference between physiologic and pathologic hyperemia?
Cause of increased blood flow
What is the term for the passive engorgement of a vascular bed due to decreased outflow of blood?
Congestion
What is the primary mechanism by which the autonomic nervous system responds to a decrease in functional circulating blood volume?
Increased cardiac output and arteriolar vasoconstriction
What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system?
To regulate functions of the internal organs
What is the initial response of the body to a decrease in functional circulating blood volume?
Increased peripheral vasodilation and venous pooling
What is the characteristic of the non-progressive stage of shock?
Characterized by compensatory mechanisms that counteract reduced functional circulating blood volume
What is the consequence of reduced plasma volume in the body?
Decreased urine production and increased ADH release
What is the consequence of increased autonomic discharges in response to trauma or emotional stress?
Increased peripheral vasodilation and increased cardiac output
What is the primary cause of arteriolar relaxation and dilation in the progressive stage of shock?
Increased local osmolarity, hypoxia, and CO2
What is the characteristic of cellular metabolism in the progressive stage of shock?
Shift from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism
What is the hallmark of the irreversible stage of shock?
Syndrome of multiple organ dysfunction
What is the consequence of decreased cardiac output in the irreversible stage of shock?
Renal and pancreatic ischemia
What is the characteristic of the vicious cycle in the irreversible stage of shock?
One organ's failure contributes to the failure of another
What is a common clinical feature of shock?
Hyperventilation
This quiz assesses understanding of Veterinary Pathology, covering principles, terminology, immune system, and disorders. Test your knowledge of cells, organs, and immune responses.
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