114 Questions
What is the purpose of a permit to work?
To confirm that control measures are in place for specific operations
Who is considered a 'competent person' in the context of a permit to work?
A person designated and authorised for the task covered by a permit to work
What is the role of an 'authorised officer' in the permit to work system?
To issue and close permits to work under the safety management system
When is it necessary to identify hazards according to the text?
Before any operation is carried out
What is the main reason for using a permit to work system on board ship?
To prevent one person's actions from inadvertently endangering another
What is the primary purpose of a permit to work system?
To confirm that control measures are in place for specific operations
In the context of a permit to work, what is the maximum duration for a permit?
24 hours
What is the purpose of Section C - Certificate of checks?
To accept responsibility for the work on the apparatus
What is the purpose of a Preliminary checklist (B1) in Section B?
To assess the risk of the proposed work
What is the significance of the safety key mentioned in the text?
It is used for locking the equipment during isolation
What is the purpose of Section A - Scope of work in the Sanction to Test: Electrical High Voltage?
To describe the work to be done and location
What is the purpose of the Completion section (6.1) in the permit?
To certify the completion of work
Who holds ultimate responsibility for implementing the permit to work system?
The Company
What does a permit to work guarantee?
Contributions to safe working measures
What determines when and how permit to work systems should be utilized?
Safety management system for individual ships
What should be included in a permit to work?
Specific details such as location, work nature, preliminary tests, safety measures, and safeguards
How long should the validity of a permit to work be?
Not exceed 24 hours
When should a permit to work be closed?
Upon completion of the work
What is included in the Pre-entry preparation checklist?
Ventilation, atmosphere testing, space securing
Who is responsible for completing the Breathing apparatus and other equipment section?
The competent person
What does the Personnel entry section of the permit to work include?
Fields for names, time in, and time out for individuals entering the space
Who should retain the permit to work until the work is complete?
The competent person
What is the maximum validity period of the permit to work?
24 hours
What is the purpose of the Cancellation of certificate section in the permit to work?
Completing the work or canceling it and requires signatures from the competent person and the authorised officer
What personal protective equipment is required as per the permit to work checklist?
Safety helmet, safety harness, safety line, and lifejacket
What precautions are covered in the permit form?
General safety measures, personal protective equipment, hot work, entry into dangerous spaces, isolation/energy release protection, working at height/over the side, contractor control of work site, gas testing/equipment, and ensuring no conflict with any other permit
What is required in the certificate of checks section of the permit to work checklist?
Signatures from a competent person and an authorized officer to confirm safety precautions
What is the purpose of the acceptance section in the permit to work?
All competent persons involved in the work must agree to the conditions stated in the permit and ensure that a copy is displayed at the work site at all times during the task
What is the procedure for the cancellation of the certificate section of the permit to work checklist?
The competent person confirms the completion or cancellation of the work and the withdrawal of all personnel and equipment, with a corresponding signature from an authorized officer
What is the requirement for retaining the permit to work at the work site?
The permit to work is to be retained at the work site until the work is complete and the clearance section is signed
What is the maximum validity period for a permit to work?
24 hours
When is a sanction to test required?
When testing operations require the removal of the circuit main earth
Who should retain responsibility for the work until the permit is closed or formally transferred?
The authorised officer
What is the purpose of a permit to work?
To ensure that all safety measures are in place before work commences
When should a permit to work be closed?
After the work is complete
What type of work would normally require a permit to work?
Entry into dangerous (enclosed) space
Who should countersign the permit to indicate their understanding of the safety precautions?
The competent person responsible for carrying out the work
What is the purpose of a sanction to test?
To authorize high-risk testing operations
Who should issue a sanction to test?
The authorised officer
What is the purpose of Annex 14.1 in the text?
To provide examples of permits to work for various types of activity
What does Annex 14.1.1 in the text specifically address?
Permit to work for entry into enclosed spaces
What is the significance of the period of validity in a permit to work?
It determines the duration of the work
What is the ultimate responsibility regarding the implementation of the permit to work system?
The company
What is the primary purpose of a permit to work system?
To contribute to measures for safe working
Who is considered a 'competent person' in the context of a permit to work?
Any person designated and authorised for the task covered by a permit
What is the significance of the period of validity in a permit to work?
It determines the maximum duration for a permit
What is the purpose of Annex 14.1 in the text?
To address the findings of the risk assessment
When should a permit to work be closed?
At the end of the period of validity
What is the purpose of the Personnel entry section of the permit to work?
To record the names of the individuals involved in the specific operation
What is the purpose of the Cancellation of certificate section in the permit to work?
To outline the procedures for closing permits
What determines when and how permit to work systems should be utilized?
The specific hazards identified in the risk assessment
What is the purpose of the acceptance section in the permit to work?
To confirm that all necessary precautions have been taken
What is the requirement for retaining the permit to work at the work site?
It should be displayed prominently at the work site
What is the maximum validity period for a permit to work?
72 hours
What is the primary characteristic of an enclosed space?
Limited openings for entry and exit
What is the potential danger of any enclosed space deprived of regular and constant ventilation?
Presence of toxic or flammable gases, or deficiency in oxygen
Under what circumstances may some spaces be a dangerous enclosed space only intermittently?
Due to the type of cargo carried or work to be undertaken
What is the potential consequence of a single inhalation with a 5% oxygen content in an enclosed space?
Instantaneous loss of consciousness and subsequent death
What may not be readily apparent about the dangers of any enclosed space?
Isolated areas with very low oxygen content or small concentrations of toxic gases
What is the potential consequence of small concentrations of a toxic substance in an enclosed space?
Loss of consciousness and subsequent death
What should be done with entrances to unattended enclosed spaces?
Kept locked or secured against entry, and marked as the entrance to a dangerous space
What should be included in the register of enclosed spaces that seafarers may enter?
Characteristics of the space, potential hazards, and ventilation information
When should spaces with unexpected reduction in ventilation or suspected deficiency of oxygen be treated as enclosed?
If the reduction in ventilation or deficiency of oxygen is confirmed
What is the purpose of hold ladders enclosed in trunks connected to the hold space remaining secured until atmosphere testing of the space has taken place?
To avoid disturbance of the atmosphere in the hold space
What is the likely location of incidents involving fumigants?
Outside of the enclosed space due to gas migration
What should risk assessments for enclosed spaces consider in relation to works in those spaces?
How works may change the atmosphere in enclosed spaces and the possibility of gas migration from connected spaces
What can result from the use of carbon dioxide or inert gas in tanks or inter-barrier spaces of tankers or gas carriers?
Risk of oxygen-enriched atmosphere
What may be present in oil cargoes, posing a risk to seafarers?
Carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide
What should be done prior to opening an enclosed space to ensure removal of harmful gases?
Depressurized, ventilated, and tested
What may inert gas contain, posing a risk to life?
Carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide
What may be released from the interaction of certain substances with seawater?
Toxic gases like hydrogen sulphide
What should be done with valves and openings before opening an enclosed space?
Closed and secured
Who is responsible for compliance when non-ship staff enter an enclosed space on a UK ship?
The employer of the shore-side team
What is the key factor that the competent person's assessment of potential hazards should consider?
Previous cargo
What is the additional requirement for unsafe atmosphere as specified in section 15.11?
Wearing appropriate breathing apparatus
What is the responsibility of the authorized officer in enclosed spaces?
Deciding entry procedures based on risk assessment
What is the primary focus of the precautions for potential risk situations detailed in sections 15.3 to 15.10?
Identifying potential hazards
What is the main purpose of the permit to work system in enclosed spaces?
To control entry procedures based on risk assessment
What is the normal level of oxygen in the atmosphere?
20.8%
Which gas cannot be detected using a combustible gas indicator?
Oxygen
What should a 'nil' reading on a combustible gas indicator indicate when deciding whether the atmosphere is safe to work in?
Safe atmosphere for work
What is the acceptable variation from the normal level of oxygen in the atmosphere, according to the text?
1%
What is the requirement for personal monitoring equipment in relation to determining the safety of an enclosed space?
It is not for determining the safety of an enclosed space
What is the recommended method if testing by remote means is not possible?
Assume the atmosphere is safe
What should be done before opening an enclosed space?
Valves should be secured and openings closed
What is the purpose of a permit to work system?
To plan entry into enclosed spaces and control the work
Who should authorize entry into an enclosed space?
An authorized officer
What is the additional requirement when encountering a toxic chemical with no means of testing?
Follow the requirements specified in section 15.11
Under what condition may a checklist be accepted as an alternative to a full permit to work?
For situations with a well-established safe system of work and low risks
When is a separate combustible gas indicator not suitable for measuring gas levels?
At or around its workplace exposure limit
What should be done if there is a well-established safe system of work?
A checklist may be accepted as an alternative to a full permit to work
What is the primary purpose of having a rescue plan and necessary equipment in place at the entrance of a confined space?
To ensure safe entry and quick recovery in case of emergencies
What is the purpose of having ventilation continue during the space's occupation, with periodic atmosphere testing?
To maintain a safe and breathable atmosphere inside the confined space
What should be done if unforeseen hazards develop or personnel feel adversely affected while working in a confined space?
Work should be stopped immediately
What is the purpose of lifelines in confined space entry?
To provide a means of recovery but not be solely relied upon
What is the role of the competent person stationed as an attendant at the entrance of a confined space?
To monitor and provide assistance in case of emergencies
What is the purpose of a tested communication system between personnel in the space and the attendant?
To enable immediate communication in case of emergencies
Why should entry with breathing apparatus be confirmed possible before permitting entry into a confined space?
To ensure that personnel can work safely with adequate respiratory protection
Which type of equipment should be used in flammable atmospheres according to the text?
Portable lights and electrical equipment of non-sparking type
When should entry into a space with a dangerous atmosphere be allowed according to the text?
Only for rescue or other safety critical purposes
What is the requirement when using self-contained breathing apparatus according to the text?
It should not be necessary to remove any part of the apparatus to change over to the self-contained supply
Who is responsible for providing necessary training, instruction, and information to seafarers regarding the hazards and precautions of entering enclosed spaces according to the text?
The company
What is the requirement for wearing breathing apparatus according to the text?
It should be worn at all times when in an enclosed space
What should the supply of air from outside the space be according to the text?
Continuous and available only to those working in the space
What is the requirement for seafarers involved in entering enclosed spaces according to the text?
They should attend a dedicated course for entry into enclosed spaces
What should be carried out every two months?
Safety drills for entry into and rescue from an enclosed space
What should be the first priority once the casualty is reached in an enclosed space?
Checking the air supply
What should an attendant do once help has arrived during a rescue operation in an enclosed space?
Remain outside the space at all times
What is the purpose of an emergency escape breathing device (EEBD) in an enclosed space?
Escape from a compartment that has a hazardous atmosphere
What should be deferred until the ship has docked and use can be made of shore-side equipment?
Entry into enclosed spaces
What should be kept in good working order and regularly serviced and calibrated for testing the atmosphere of enclosed spaces?
Equipment for testing the atmosphere of enclosed spaces, including oxygen meters
What should not be worn by a rescuer entering a space to attempt a rescue of persons in any circumstances?
Emergency escape breathing device (EEBD)
What should not be removed unless it is an emergency when in an enclosed space?
Breathing apparatus
What should be provided where any person may be required to enter an enclosed space in an oxygen-deficient atmosphere?
Resuscitators
Study Notes
Permit to Work Checklist for Vessel Operations
- The permit to work checklist includes items such as informing the duty officer, posting warning notices, identifying on-deck supervisors, ensuring equipment is in good order, and providing specific instructions for different types of work.
- Personal protective equipment required includes a safety helmet, safety harness, safety line, and lifejacket, among others.
- Tools are to be secured on a lanyard or in a bag, and a plan for effective rescue must be in place before work begins.
- The certificate of checks section requires signatures from a competent person and an authorized officer to confirm that safety precautions have been taken and will be maintained.
- The cancellation of the certificate section involves the competent person confirming the completion or cancellation of the work and the withdrawal of all personnel and equipment, with a corresponding signature from an authorized officer.
- The permit to work is to be retained at the work site until the work is complete and the clearance section is signed.
- The permit to work form includes sections for work description, risk assessment, toolbox talk, and LOLER lifting plan.
- Precautions listed in the permit form cover general safety measures, personal protective equipment, hot work, entry into dangerous spaces, isolation/energy release protection, working at height/over the side, contractor control of work site, gas testing/equipment, and ensuring no conflict with any other permit.
- The permit requires authorization by the named authorized officer for the work to be carried out, provided that the specified precautions are strictly observed.
- The permit includes a section for acceptance, where all competent persons involved in the work must agree to the conditions stated in the permit and ensure that a copy is displayed at the work site at all times during the task.
Safety Precautions for Testing Enclosed Spaces on Ships
- From May 2022, ships must carry atmosphere-testing equipment to measure oxygen, flammable gases, hydrogen sulphide, and carbon monoxide before entry into enclosed spaces.
- Atmosphere testing equipment should have clearly defined calibration procedures and be operated by competent persons trained in its use.
- If testing by remote means is not possible, assume the atmosphere is hazardous until proven safe and take additional precautions, including wearing breathing apparatus.
- Personal monitoring equipment is for personal use only and should not be used to determine whether an enclosed space is safe prior to entry.
- Personal monitoring equipment with certified capability for remote sensing, using a sample hose and air pump, is acceptable if used with additional equipment for remote sensing.
- The normal level of oxygen in the atmosphere is 20.8%, and any variation from that should be investigated further.
- A combustible gas indicator cannot be used to detect oxygen deficiency.
- An instrument capable of providing accurate readings at low concentrations should be used to detect flammable gases or vapors.
- When deciding whether the atmosphere is safe to work in, a 'nil' reading on a combustible gas indicator is desirable, but up to 1% of the lower flammable limit may be accepted.
- The presence of certain gases and vapors requires specialized equipment and trained personnel to undertake accurate and reliable testing.
- Entry should not be authorized if the atmosphere measures over 50% of the workplace exposure limit for toxic substances.
- Tests for specific toxic contaminants, such as benzene or hydrogen sulphide, should be undertaken depending on the nature of the pre.
Safety Regulations for Entry into Enclosed Spaces at Sea
- In cases where remote testing of space is not possible or only a brief inspection is required, a single air supply may be acceptable if the wearer can be immediately removed from the space in an emergency.
- Portable lights and electrical equipment used in flammable atmospheres should be of an approved type.
- When there is a risk of contact with chemicals, protective clothing should be worn.
- The company is responsible for providing necessary training, instruction, and information to seafarers regarding the hazards and precautions of entering enclosed spaces.
- Seafarers involved in entering enclosed spaces should attend a dedicated course for entry into enclosed spaces.
- Entry into a space with a dangerous atmosphere should only be allowed when essential for rescue or other safety critical purposes.
- No one should enter an unsafe space without wearing appropriate breathing apparatus, even for rescue purposes.
- When work increases the risk of a change in atmosphere, wearing breathing apparatus may be prudent even if the atmosphere is deemed safe.
- When using self-contained breathing apparatus, it should not be necessary to remove any part of the apparatus to change over to the self-contained supply.
- Equipment for use with two air supplies may consist of specific types of breathing apparatus approved to relevant standards.
- The supply of air from outside the space should be continuous and available only to those working in the space.
- Everyone likely to use breathing apparatus must be instructed in its proper use and undergo full pre-wearing check and donning procedures.
Test your knowledge of permit to work procedures for vessel operations with this checklist quiz. Assess your understanding of safety precautions, personal protective equipment, tool safety, certification checks, and other essential elements of the permit to work process on board a vessel.
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