Vertebral Column Anatomy and Function

Vertebral Column Overview

• Composed of 33 bones categorized as follows:
  • Cervical: 7 vertebrae (C1-C7)
  • Thoracic: 12 vertebrae
  • Lumbar: 5 vertebrae
  • Sacrum: 5 fused bones
  • Coccyx: 4 fused bones

Functions of the Vertebral Column

• Protection of the Spinal Cord:
  • Each vertebra has a vertebral foramen, which collectively forms a canal that houses the spinal cord.
• Intervertebral Foramen:
  • Protect spinal nerves as they exit the spinal cord through these openings.

Cervical Vertebrae

• Located in the neck region, consisting of seven vertebrae.
• Positioned between the base of the skull and thoracic vertebrae.
• Atlas (C1):
  • First cervical vertebra, supports the skull.
• Axis (C2):
  • Second cervical vertebra, allows rotation of the head.
• Both atlas and axis have unique structural features, including:
  • Two anterior and posterior arches
  • Two lateral masses

Transverse Foramen

• Found in cervical vertebrae, allows passage for the vertebral artery.
• Contributes to the vascularization of the brain through the cervical spine.