Review - Basic Structure of Vertebral Column

Study Notes

Basic Structure of the Vertebral Column

Comprises 24 mobile vertebrae and immobile fused vertebrae in adults.
Mobile vertebrae are categorized into:
- Cervical vertebrae: 7
- Thoracic vertebrae: 12
- Lumbar vertebrae: 5
Sacrum consists of 5 fused vertebrae.
Coccyx consists of 4 fused vertebrae.
Contains zygapophyseal (facet) joints:
- Paired joints (left and right).
- Non-midline configuration.
- Multi-axial plane synovial joints, facilitating movement.
23 interbody vertebral joints connected by intervertebral discs (IVDs), providing flexibility.

Intervertebral Disc Region Variation and Spinal Curves

Intervertebral discs contribute to spinal curves:
- Lordosis: Characterized by increased anterior curvature, supporting the cervical and lumbar regions.
- Kyphosis: Characterized by increased posterior curvature, supporting the thoracic region.
IVDs vary in height:
- Thicker anteriorly in lumbar and cervical regions for lordosis support.
- Thinnest in cervical spine (C/S), secondarily contributing to lordosis.

Effects of Hydration and Posture on Intervertebral Discs

Intervertebral discs are sensitive to hydration levels, impacting their height and flexibility.
Discs can shrink under dehydration and posture changes.
Increased pressure on discs can cause herniation, leading to ligament exposure and associated pain.

Function and Importance of the Vertebral Column

Vital for maintaining posture and structural stability of the body.
Enables a wide range of movements, including flexion, extension, and rotation.
The coordination between the vertebrae allows for flexibility and load-bearing capabilities.

Description

This quiz reviews the basic structure of the vertebral column, focusing on the 24 mobile vertebrae and their zygapophyseal joints. It highlights the coordinated movement that these joints facilitate, emphasizing their paired and non-midline characteristics. Test your knowledge of spinal anatomy and function.