Ventilation
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of ventilation?

  • Release of CO2 from oxidation
  • Process involving energy production
  • Intake of oxygen for energy production
  • Exchange of air (correct)

    • What is the triphasic response in ventilation?

  • 3 phases of response (correct)
  • Rise in ventilation after exercise
  • Increased depth and rate of breathing
  • Exchange of air

    • What is hyperpnea?

  • Intake of oxygen for energy production
  • Increased depth and rate of breathing (correct)
  • Release of CO2 from oxidation
  • Exchange of unnecessary air

    • What is the physiological dead space in ventilation?

    <p>Volume of air that does not participate in gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the VD/VT ratio used to measure?

    <p>Gas exchange efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minute ventilation (VE) equal to?

    <p>Frequency multiplied by tidal volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for not taking a big breath every time?

    <p>Fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of 'ventilatory drift'?

    <p>Helps acid base balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anatomical dead space in ventilation?

    <p>1mL/body weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the tidal ventilation responsible for?

    <p>Initial increase in minute ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of bronchodilation?

    <p>Decreases resistance in airways with exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of peripheral chemoreceptors?

    <p>Detect hypoxia and hypercapnia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal blood pH at rest?

    <p>Approximately 7.4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shift to the left indicate?

    <p>Enhances oxygen binding to hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Haldane effect?

    <p>Kicks off CO2 from hemoglobin at the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of H+ in the body?

    <p>Lactic acid, carbonic acid, ketoacidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does hyperpnea refer to?

    <p>Hyperventilation during heavy exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the a-vO2 difference in blood indicate?

    <p>Difference in oxygen extraction by muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the PaCO2 during low exercise?

    <p>It may decrease due to higher rate of gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the bicarbonate buffering system for lactic acid?

    <p>To regulate blood pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of Exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia (EIAH)?

    <p>Condition when O2 carried in arterial blood is severely reduced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the alveolar-arterial (A-a) PO2 difference during incremental exercise?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the venous blood saturation as workload increases during incremental exercise?

    <p>It decreases and then plateaus around 80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of higher intensity exercise on arterial CO2 levels?

    <p>They drop off</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of an increase in tidal volume on the VD/VT ratio?

    <p>It causes the VD/VT ratio to increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the body pumping more blood to muscles during exercise?

    <p>To deliver more oxygen to the muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the oxygen levels in muscle as the O2 extraction from blood plateaus around 50% of max work rate?

    <p>O2 levels plateau around 50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of altitude on atmospheric pressure?

    <p>Pressure is lower at altitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of ventilation on the increase in minute ventilation?

    <p>Ventilation is not a linear increase; it has break points where it increases faster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the oxygen levels in the blood as it travels from the atmosphere to the mitochondria?

    <p>Oxygen gradually declines in mm Hg from gradients to travel from atmosphere to mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

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