Ventilation

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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of ventilation?

  • Release of CO2 from oxidation
  • Process involving energy production
  • Intake of oxygen for energy production
  • Exchange of air (correct)

What is the triphasic response in ventilation?

  • 3 phases of response (correct)
  • Rise in ventilation after exercise
  • Increased depth and rate of breathing
  • Exchange of air

What is hyperpnea?

  • Intake of oxygen for energy production
  • Increased depth and rate of breathing (correct)
  • Release of CO2 from oxidation
  • Exchange of unnecessary air

What is the physiological dead space in ventilation?

<p>Volume of air that does not participate in gas exchange (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the VD/VT ratio used to measure?

<p>Gas exchange efficiency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minute ventilation (VE) equal to?

<p>Frequency multiplied by tidal volume (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for not taking a big breath every time?

<p>Fatigue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of 'ventilatory drift'?

<p>Helps acid base balance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical dead space in ventilation?

<p>1mL/body weight (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the tidal ventilation responsible for?

<p>Initial increase in minute ventilation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of bronchodilation?

<p>Decreases resistance in airways with exercise (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of peripheral chemoreceptors?

<p>Detect hypoxia and hypercapnia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal blood pH at rest?

<p>Approximately 7.4 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shift to the left indicate?

<p>Enhances oxygen binding to hemoglobin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Haldane effect?

<p>Kicks off CO2 from hemoglobin at the lungs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of H+ in the body?

<p>Lactic acid, carbonic acid, ketoacidosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does hyperpnea refer to?

<p>Hyperventilation during heavy exercise (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the a-vO2 difference in blood indicate?

<p>Difference in oxygen extraction by muscles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the PaCO2 during low exercise?

<p>It may decrease due to higher rate of gas exchange (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the bicarbonate buffering system for lactic acid?

<p>To regulate blood pH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of Exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia (EIAH)?

<p>Condition when O2 carried in arterial blood is severely reduced (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the alveolar-arterial (A-a) PO2 difference during incremental exercise?

<p>It increases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the venous blood saturation as workload increases during incremental exercise?

<p>It decreases and then plateaus around 80% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of higher intensity exercise on arterial CO2 levels?

<p>They drop off (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of an increase in tidal volume on the VD/VT ratio?

<p>It causes the VD/VT ratio to increase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the body pumping more blood to muscles during exercise?

<p>To deliver more oxygen to the muscles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the oxygen levels in muscle as the O2 extraction from blood plateaus around 50% of max work rate?

<p>O2 levels plateau around 50% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of altitude on atmospheric pressure?

<p>Pressure is lower at altitude (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of ventilation on the increase in minute ventilation?

<p>Ventilation is not a linear increase; it has break points where it increases faster (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the oxygen levels in the blood as it travels from the atmosphere to the mitochondria?

<p>Oxygen gradually declines in mm Hg from gradients to travel from atmosphere to mitochondria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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