Ventilation and Exercise

Which of the options is not a function of the ventilatory system?

What does (a-v)O2 difference represent?

Compared to resting, what happens to (a-v)O2 difference during exercise?

The exchange of O2 and CO2 between the atmosphere and body tissues is an example of:

How is respiratory quotient (RQ) calculated?

How is minute ventilation calculated?

Why can anemia reduce blood oxygen-carrying capacity?

What type of muscle fiber contains relatively larger quantities of myoglobin?

What of these responses is not expected when Valsalva maneuver is used during strength training?

What value below best represents the assumed “Anatomic Dead Space" in mL?

What is the main ventilatory parameter that is adjusted during low intensity exercise?

What is the main ventilatory parameter that is adjusted during higher intensity exercise?

Describe at least two main functions of the ventilatory system.

Why do athletes frequently bend forward from the waist to facilitate breathing after intense exercise?

When explaining the increase in a-v O2 difference between maximal exercise and resting condition, where is the volume of O2/ 100 mL of blood primarily affected: arteries or veins?

What is the difference between the two levels of respiration: internal and external?

For most part in our body, what carries oxygenated blood: arteries or veins?

The utilization of O2 by the mitochondria to generate ATP is an example of internal or external respiration?

What lung volume measure reflects a higher volume (mL): inspiratory reserve volume or expiratory reserve volume?

What respiratory measure below is considered the main predictor of dynamic ventilation?

The heart is a striated muscle with 2 pumps (right and left heart pumps). What option below represents the main function of the right heart pump?

The heart is a striated muscle with 2 pumps (right and left heart pumps). Which of these pumps receives deoxygenated blood?

Right and left atriums + right and left ventricles function as a one-way flow system. Select the option below that represents a correct flow direction:

What exercise type below is not indicated for individuals with varicose veins?

What artery described below is not commonly used to read the individual's pulse during exercise?

After an exercise session, a healthy individual measures carotid pulse for 6 seconds and the result is "14". What is the individual's HR (bpm)?

Which option below is a direct determinant of blood pressure?

What is expected to happen with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) during maximal incremental aerobic exercise?

In the parenthesis, write the number from each component of the cardiovascular system (1-4; left column) that best represents the descriptions on the right column:

Both heart muscle (myocardium) and skeletal muscles are striated muscles. What differentiates muscle fibers from the heart muscle and the skeletal muscles? What is the consequence of that difference?

Which component of the cardiovascular system is responsible for substance exchange?

Why the left ventricle has a much thicker muscular structure compared to the right ventricle?

From 1-8, please order the cardiovascular system components (and sub-components) below based on the correct route of blood flow from the left ventricle of the heart (0) back to the heart.

Different than arteries and veins whose walls have 3 layers (outer layer + middle layer + inner layer), capillaries walls have only 1 layer. Which of these three layers is present in capillaries and why capillaries have only a single layer?

What exercise below can more likely lead to the Valsalva Maneuver during its execution?

Order the following components using numbers 1 to 4 (1- Right atrium; 2- Right ventricle; 3- Left Atrium; 4- Left Ventricle) according to the functions/role described below:

Order the following components using numbers 1 to 4 (1- Pulmonary artery; 2- Pulmonary vein; 3- Aorta; 4- Lung) according to the functions/role described below:

What is the heart wall layer responsible for the beating of the heart?

Select the correct answer.

What variable below reflects myocardial oxygen uptake and coronary blood flow?

Which option below is responsible for the connection/communication between spinal cord and the skeletal muscle?

Arginine, vasopressin, and angiotensin II are neurotransmitters classified as:

What is the role of efferent nerves in the reflex arc?

Which of the options below is responsible for delivering impulse to innervated muscle fibers?

Which option best replace (1)? "Greater neuromuscular activation can contribute to (1) muscular strength without concurrent increases in muscle size."

Which of these muscle fiber types are considered the most fatigable ones?

T or F? Golgi tendon organs protect muscles from injury by sudden, excessive load or stretch.

T or F? Lower Ca2+ concentration in the muscle contributes to muscle relaxation.

What option below represents a function of the spinal cord?

Which of the options below is a consequence of an excitatory impulse (i.e., facilitation process)?

What is expected to happen with muscular strength when neuromuscular activation is enhanced via facilitation process?

Using numbers 1, 2, or 3, order the expected magnitude of force production related to a (1) fast fatigable motor units; (2) slow motor units; (3) fast fatigue-resistance motor units.

What is the type of muscle fiber predominantly recruited during light intensity exercise?

In which of the exercise intensities described below glycolytic muscle fibers (e.g., type 2 muscle fibers such as 2a and 2x) start to be more recruited than type 1 muscle fibers?

What are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system (hint: just their names)? When an individual reaches their heart rate maximum (HRmax), which of these two branches of the autonomic nervous system is the predominant one?

The sympathetic and parasympathetic motor fibers are responsible for the cardiovascular control. Are these two types of motor fibers part of the afferent or the efferent division of the nervous system?

Which of these types of muscle have both aerobic and anaerobic energy sources?

Place a "T" in the true sentences and "F" in the false sentences. Actin and myosin provide the mechanical mechanism for muscle action (i.e., contraction and relaxation).

Place a "T" in the true sentences and "F" in the false sentences. Myosin is the thin filament and action is the thick filament.

Place a "T" in the true sentences and "F" in the false sentences. In terms of composition, skeletal muscle has more protein than water.

Place a "T" in the true sentences and "F" in the false sentences. Muscle contraction occurs through calcium activating actin and attaching the myosin crossbridges to active regions on the actin filaments.

Place a "T" in the true sentences and "F" in the false sentences. Type 1 muscle fibers have low oxidative capacity and high glycolytic capacity.

Place a "T" in the true sentences and "F" in the false sentences. Type 2b muscle fibers have the fastest contraction time among different types of muscle fibers.