Ventilation and Gas Exchange

The active phase of breathing, where air is drawn into the lungs through muscle contraction.

The process of expelling air from the lungs during breathing, usually a passive process.

The transfer of oxygen from the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs into the bloodstream.

The circulation of oxygen-rich blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen to cells.

The process cells use to convert glucose into energy, requiring oxygen.

The state of having enough oxygen supplied to the body's tissues and cells.

The movement of air into and out of the lungs, including inspiration and expiration.

The process where cells take up and use oxygen for their metabolic needs.

The amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute.

The process of oxygen moving from the lungs to the bloodstream.

Oxygen deficiency can impair cognitive function, including memory and decision-making.

Conditions affecting airway patency, lung compliance, and respiratory muscle strength can hinder oxygenation.

Low hemoglobin levels or impaired function can disrupt oxygen transport in the blood.

Conditions like heart failure or peripheral vascular disease can reduce blood flow and compromise oxygen delivery.

Neurological conditions affecting breathing and heart rate regulation can disrupt oxygenation.

The amount of oxygen needed to maintain sufficient oxygen levels in the blood.

The use of devices like nasal cannula, masks, or ventilators to deliver oxygen to a patient.

A simple oxygen delivery device that fits over the nose.

A mask with a reservoir bag that delivers high concentrations of oxygen.

A nursing diagnosis indicating problems with oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange in the lungs.

The level of oxygen in the blood.

A device that delivers positive pressure to the airway, helping to keep it open.

A mechanical device that assists or controls breathing.

Brain's sensitivity to oxygen deprivation, leading to confusion, dizziness, headache, loss of consciousness, and long-term cognitive impairment.

Irregular heartbeats due to the heart struggling to compensate for oxygen deficiency, potentially leading to heart failure.

Increased breathing rate to compensate for oxygen shortage, and elevated pressure in the pulmonary arteries, potentially straining the heart.

Bluish discoloration of skin, lips, and nail beds due to deoxygenated blood.

Buildup of acidic byproducts in the blood due to impaired cellular metabolism, caused by oxygen deficiency.

Condition caused by breathing too much oxygen, which can damage the lungs and nervous system.

Primarily affects the lungs, causing cough, chest pain, and difficulty breathing.

Affects the brain and nervous system, causing seizures, visual disturbances, muscle twitching, nausea, dizziness, and confusion.

Breathing that doesn't effectively ventilate the lungs, leading to insufficient oxygen levels.

Signs of ineffective breathing, including rapid breathing, labored breathing, and unusual sounds or movements.

The body's ability to clear obstructions from the respiratory system, maintaining a clear airway for breathing.

Signs of ineffective airway clearance, including difficulty breathing, excessive mucus, and coughing.

The heart's ability to pump blood effectively to meet the body's oxygen and nutrient needs.

Signs of decreased cardiac output, including fatigue, rapid heart rate, and breathlessness.

Activity intolerance refers to a lack of physical or mental energy to engage in daily activities, often due to illness, injury, or fatigue. This may involve feeling tired, weak, or breathless during simple tasks.

Dyspnea is a medical term for shortness of breath. It can be caused by various conditions like heart failure, lung disease, or anxiety.

Edema, often referred to as swelling, occurs when fluid builds up in body tissues. Edema can be caused by various factors like heart failure, kidney disease, or injury.

General weakness is a feeling of fatigue or lack of strength that affects the whole body. It can be caused by illness, injury, or malnutrition.

Abnormal heart rate response to activity means your heart rate doesn't increase or decrease appropriately when you exercise, rest, or experience stress. This could indicate an underlying health condition.

Decreased peripheral pulses indicate reduced blood flow to the extremities, such as fingers, toes, or legs. This could be related to various factors, including vascular disease or heart failure.

Weight gain, particularly when unexplained, can be a symptom of fluid retention or other health conditions. Tracking your weight can be important in managing health.

Fatigue is a feeling of tiredness or lack of energy that is often accompanied by a reduced capacity to perform tasks or activities. Fatigue can result from various factors such as physical or mental stress, lack of sleep, or underlying health conditions.