Venous Ulcers

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Which molecule expression is associated with varicose veins?

VCAM-1

PECAM-1

L-selectin

ICAM-1 (correct)

What is the most common complication of varicose veins?

Arterial insufficiency

Venous thrombosis

Phlebitis

Oedema (correct)

Which vein is the longest in the body?

Short saphenous vein

Femoral vein

Popliteal vein

Long saphenous vein (correct)

Which one of these is a complication of varicose veins?

Phlegmasia cerulea dolens Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a risk factor for DVT?

Minor injuries Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a classic symptom of DVT?

Pain in affected lower limb Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a nonspecific sign of DVT?

Homan's sign Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a main site of superficial to deep venous communication in the lower limb?

Boyd gastrocnemius perforators Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the competent veno-muscular pump in the lower limb?

To push blood towards the heart and lower ambulatory venous pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification system used to categorize the severity of varicose veins?

CEAP Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of impaired venous return in chronic venous insufficiency (CVI)?

A combination of reflux and obstruction Signup and view all the answers

Which test is used to assess sapheno-femoral incompetence?

Brodie-Trendelenburg test Signup and view all the answers

What is the main aim of investigations in venous disease?

To identify the existence, site & degree of venous reflux Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure is used to treat sapheno-femoral incompetence?

Sapheno-popliteal ligation Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for recurrent varicose veins?

Investigation by duplex ultrasound Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a characteristic finding of superficial thrombophlebitis?

Palpable, indurated, cordlike, tender, subcutaneous venous segment Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a common complication of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a risk factor for pulmonary embolism (PE)?

Previous DVT documented Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a treatment objective for deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of venous thrombosis in varicose veins?

Membrane adhesion molecule expression Signup and view all the answers

Which vein terminates above the popliteal fossa?

Short saphenous vein Signup and view all the answers

Where do the superficial veins lie in the lower limb?

Subcutaneous tissue superficial to the muscle fascia Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a risk factor for deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is NOT a classic symptom of DVT?

Fever Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a potential complication of venous ulcers?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a characteristic finding of superficial thrombophlebitis?

Homans sign Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a common symptom of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI)?

Muscle cramps Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a characteristic finding of varicose veins?

Dilated tortuous veins Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a primary cause of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI)?

Structural weakness of valves or venous wall Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a classification stage of varicose veins according to the CEAP system?

C4a - varicose veins with associated skin conditions Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is NOT a method used to identify venous reflux in the clinical examination?

Performing photoplethysmography Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a method used to confirm deep venous patency?

Duplex ultrasound Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is NOT a management option for primary varicose veins affecting the long saphenous system?

Branch varicosities avulsion/ligation Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is NOT a characteristic of surgery for varicose veins affecting the long saphenous system?

A vertical incision is used routinely Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a characteristic finding of superficial thrombophlebitis?

Collateral non-varicose superficial veins Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a risk factor for DVT?

Active cancer or cancer treated within six months Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a treatment objective for deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

Limiting the development of late complications, such as chronic venous insufficiency Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a common complication of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a common symptom of pulmonary embolism (PE)?

Chest pain Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a common sign of pulmonary embolism (PE)?

Tachypnea Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a common symptom of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

Calf or thigh pain Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is most commonly associated with pulmonary embolism in patients without preexisting cardiopulmonary disease?

Dyspnea at rest Signup and view all the answers

Which sign is most commonly associated with pulmonary embolism in patients without preexisting cardiopulmonary disease?

Tachypnea Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common symptom or sign of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in patients with pulmonary embolism?

Palpable cord Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a common symptom of pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients without preexisting cardiopulmonary disease?

Chest pain Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a common sign of pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients without preexisting cardiopulmonary disease?

Tachycardia Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common symptom of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in patients with pulmonary embolism?

Edema Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is most commonly reported by patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) who do not have preexisting cardiopulmonary disease?

Dyspnea at rest or with exertion Signup and view all the answers

Which sign is most commonly found in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE)?

Tachypnea Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of arterial blood gas (ABG) measurements in diagnosing PE?

ABG measurements can reveal hypoxemia, hypocapnia, and respiratory alkalosis in patients with PE Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a common complication of varicose veins?

Venous thrombosis Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a characteristic finding of superficial thrombophlebitis?

Inflammation of the inner layer Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a primary cause of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI)?

Venous wall remodeling Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is most commonly associated with pulmonary embolism in patients without preexisting cardiopulmonary disease?

Dyspnea at rest or with exertion Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common symptom of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in patients with pulmonary embolism?

Edema Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a nonspecific sign of DVT?

Decreased breath sounds Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a risk factor for deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

Obesity Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a common symptom of pulmonary embolism (PE)?

Chest pain Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a characteristic finding of varicose veins?

Enlarged, twisted veins Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a common complication of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

Post-thrombotic syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a common symptom of superficial thrombophlebitis?

Collateral non-varicose superficial veins Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is NOT a risk factor for deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

Localized tenderness in the deep vein system Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a treatment objective for deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a common complication of varicose veins?

Chronic venous insufficiency Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a treatment option for varicose veins affecting the long saphenous system?

A. Varicose vein surgery Signup and view all the answers

For each of the patients described below, select the most likely intervention from the list of options above. Each option may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

A 54-year-old man with varicose veins and bleeding varicose ulcer

A. Varicose vein surgery Signup and view all the answers

For each of the patients described below, select the most likely intervention from the list of options above. Each option may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

A 30-year-old woman with varicose veins and an acute episode of thrombophlebitis

B. IV heparin Signup and view all the answers

For each of the patients described below, select the most likely intervention from the list of options above. Each option may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

A 45-year-old woman with varicose veins and a swollen leg

D. Compression and warfarin Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a characteristic finding of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI)?

Ankle brown pigmentation Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a risk factor for varicose veins?

Obesity Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a main site of superficial to deep venous communication in the lower limb?

Dodd perforator Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a classification stage of varicose veins according to the CEAP system?

C5 - varicose veins with healed ulcers Signup and view all the answers

Venous Ulcers

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Questions and Answers

Which molecule expression is associated with varicose veins?

What is the most common complication of varicose veins?

Which vein is the longest in the body?

Which one of these is a complication of varicose veins?

Which one of these is a risk factor for DVT?

Which one of these is a classic symptom of DVT?

Which one of these is a nonspecific sign of DVT?

Which of the following is a main site of superficial to deep venous communication in the lower limb?

What is the function of the competent veno-muscular pump in the lower limb?

What is the classification system used to categorize the severity of varicose veins?

What is the main cause of impaired venous return in chronic venous insufficiency (CVI)?

Which test is used to assess sapheno-femoral incompetence?

What is the main aim of investigations in venous disease?

Which procedure is used to treat sapheno-femoral incompetence?

What is the recommended treatment for recurrent varicose veins?

Which one of these is a characteristic finding of superficial thrombophlebitis?

Which one of these is a common complication of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

Which one of these is a risk factor for pulmonary embolism (PE)?

Which one of these is a treatment objective for deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

What is the main cause of venous thrombosis in varicose veins?

Which vein terminates above the popliteal fossa?

Where do the superficial veins lie in the lower limb?

Which one of these is a risk factor for deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

Which one of these is NOT a classic symptom of DVT?

Which one of these is a potential complication of venous ulcers?

Which one of these is a characteristic finding of superficial thrombophlebitis?

Which one of these is a common symptom of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI)?

Which one of these is a characteristic finding of varicose veins?

Which one of these is a primary cause of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI)?

Which one of these is a classification stage of varicose veins according to the CEAP system?

Which one of these is NOT a method used to identify venous reflux in the clinical examination?

Which one of these is a method used to confirm deep venous patency?

Which one of these is NOT a management option for primary varicose veins affecting the long saphenous system?

Which one of these is NOT a characteristic of surgery for varicose veins affecting the long saphenous system?

Which one of these is a characteristic finding of superficial thrombophlebitis?

Which one of these is a risk factor for DVT?

Which one of these is a treatment objective for deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

Which one of these is a common complication of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

Which one of these is a common symptom of pulmonary embolism (PE)?

Which one of these is a common sign of pulmonary embolism (PE)?

Which one of these is a common symptom of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

Which symptom is most commonly associated with pulmonary embolism in patients without preexisting cardiopulmonary disease?

Which sign is most commonly associated with pulmonary embolism in patients without preexisting cardiopulmonary disease?

What is the most common symptom or sign of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in patients with pulmonary embolism?

Which one of these is a common symptom of pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients without preexisting cardiopulmonary disease?

Which one of these is a common sign of pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients without preexisting cardiopulmonary disease?

What is the most common symptom of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in patients with pulmonary embolism?

Which symptom is most commonly reported by patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) who do not have preexisting cardiopulmonary disease?

Which sign is most commonly found in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE)?

What is the role of arterial blood gas (ABG) measurements in diagnosing PE?

Which one of these is a common complication of varicose veins?

Which one of these is a characteristic finding of superficial thrombophlebitis?

Which one of these is a primary cause of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI)?

Which symptom is most commonly associated with pulmonary embolism in patients without preexisting cardiopulmonary disease?

What is the most common symptom of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in patients with pulmonary embolism?

Which one of these is a nonspecific sign of DVT?

Which one of these is a risk factor for deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

Which one of these is a common symptom of pulmonary embolism (PE)?

Which one of these is a characteristic finding of varicose veins?

Which one of these is a common complication of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

Which one of these is a common symptom of superficial thrombophlebitis?

Which one of these is NOT a risk factor for deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

Which one of these is a treatment objective for deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

Which one of these is a common complication of varicose veins?

Which one of these is a treatment option for varicose veins affecting the long saphenous system?

For each of the patients described below, select the most likely intervention from the list of options above. Each option may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A 54-year-old man with varicose veins and bleeding varicose ulcer

For each of the patients described below, select the most likely intervention from the list of options above. Each option may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A 30-year-old woman with varicose veins and an acute episode of thrombophlebitis

For each of the patients described below, select the most likely intervention from the list of options above. Each option may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A 45-year-old woman with varicose veins and a swollen leg

Which one of these is a characteristic finding of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI)?

Which one of these is a risk factor for varicose veins?

Which one of these is a main site of superficial to deep venous communication in the lower limb?

Which one of these is a classification stage of varicose veins according to the CEAP system?

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For each of the patients described below, select the most likely intervention from the list of options above. Each option may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

A 54-year-old man with varicose veins and bleeding varicose ulcer

For each of the patients described below, select the most likely intervention from the list of options above. Each option may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

A 30-year-old woman with varicose veins and an acute episode of thrombophlebitis

For each of the patients described below, select the most likely intervention from the list of options above. Each option may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

A 45-year-old woman with varicose veins and a swollen leg