DR 6 - Neck and Oral Cavity

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Questions and Answers

Which muscle divides the neck into an anterior and posterior triangle?

Sternocleidomastoid (correct)

Superficial neck muscle

Strap muscles

Platysma

Which muscle is the most superficial muscle of the neck?

Superficial neck muscle

Platysma (correct)

Sternocleidomastoid

Strap muscles

Which triangle of the neck contains the carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve?

Submandibular triangle

Submental triangle

Carotid triangle (correct)

Muscular triangle

Which artery supplies the brain and spinal cord?

Internal carotid artery Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for pulling the hyoid and larynx superiorly and anteriorly during swallowing?

Palatoglossus Signup and view all the answers

What is the innervation of the geniohyoid muscles?

CN XII Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle helps to open the jaw when the masseter and temporalis muscles are relaxed?

Digastric Signup and view all the answers

What forms the inferior limit of the floor of the oral cavity?

Mylohyoid muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerves innervate the tongue?

Cranial nerves 5, 7, and 9 Signup and view all the answers

Where is the oral cavity located in relation to the nasal cavities and pharynx?

Inferior to the nasal cavities and superior to the pharynx Signup and view all the answers

What forms the roof of the mouth?

The hard and soft palate Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the oral cavity?

Part of the digestive system and manipulating sounds produced by the larynx Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve innervates the palatoglossus muscle?

Vagus nerve (CN X) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the palatoglossus muscle?

Depresses the palate Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is the major blood supply to the tongue?

Lingual artery Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve carries taste sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue?

Facial nerve (CN VII) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cartilages is NOT part of the larynx?

Corniculate cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vestibular fold in the larynx?

To protect the vocal folds Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve controls the muscles that surround the larynx?

Vagus nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a Valsalva maneuver?

To increase intrathoracic pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a treatment option for lingual thyroid if the patient is asymptomatic?

No treatment needed Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to the fracture that is seen in injuries with massive hyperextension of the neck, such as motor vehicle accidents?

Hangman Fracture Signup and view all the answers

Which vertebra is typically fractured in a Hangman Fracture?

C2 Signup and view all the answers

Which portions of the vertebrae are fractured in a Hangman Fracture?

Pedicles / pars interarticulares Signup and view all the answers

What closely related neurovascular structures are at risk of damage during a Hangman Fracture?

Spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What might be the consequences of injury to the spinal cord during a Hangman Fracture?

Death Signup and view all the answers

Which veins form the external jugular vein?

Posterior auricular vein and retromandibular vein Signup and view all the answers

Which structures are at risk in Zone 1 of neck trauma?

Apices of the lungs, thyroid and parathyroid glands, trachea, oesophagus, common carotid arteries and jugular veins Signup and view all the answers

Where are central lines usually placed for central venous access?

Internal jugular vein Signup and view all the answers

What structures can be seen in a CT angiogram of the head and neck?

Anterior cerebral arteries, middle cerebral arteries, posterior cerebral arteries, internal carotid artery, external carotid artery and its branches Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Neck Musculature and Triangles

The sternocleidomastoid muscle divides the neck into anterior and posterior triangles.
Platysma is the most superficial muscle of the neck.
The anterior triangle of the neck contains the carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve.

Circulation and Blood Supply

The vertebral artery supplies blood to the brain and spinal cord.

Hyoid Movement and Innervation

Geniohyoid muscle pulls the hyoid and larynx superiorly and anteriorly during swallowing.
The geniohyoid muscles are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).

Jaw Movement

The digastric muscle helps to open the jaw when the masseter and temporalis muscles are relaxed.

Oral Cavity Structure

Mylohyoid forms the inferior limit of the floor of the oral cavity.
The oral cavity is located inferior to the nasal cavities and anterior to the pharynx.
The hard palate forms the roof of the mouth.
The primary function of the oral cavity includes ingestion, digestion, and communication.

Tongue Musculature and Innervation

The palatoglossus muscle is innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X).
Palatoglossus assists in elevating the posterior part of the tongue.
The lingual artery is the major blood supply to the tongue.
The facial nerve (CN VII) carries taste sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.

Laryngeal Structure and Function

The epiglottis is one of the cartilages NOT part of the larynx.
Vestibular folds (false vocal cords) protect the true vocal cords and keep food and liquids from entering the larynx.

Laryngeal Control

The recurrent laryngeal nerve controls the muscles that surround the larynx.
Valsalva maneuver helps clear the ears or relieve pressure.

Thyroid and Neck Injuries

Treatment options for asymptomatic lingual thyroid include observation.
A "Hangman Fracture" is a type of cervical vertebra fracture due to massive hyperextension of the neck.
The C2 vertebra is typically fractured in a Hangman Fracture.
Fractures usually occur in the pars interarticularis of the C2 vertebra.
The vertebral artery and spinal cord are neurovascular structures at risk during a Hangman Fracture.
Injury to the spinal cord from such fractures can lead to paralysis and loss of function.

Jugular Veins and Trauma

The external jugular vein is formed by the combination of the posterior auricular vein and the retromandibular vein.
In Zone 1 of neck trauma, vital structures such as the great vessels and trachea are at risk.
Central lines for central venous access are usually placed in the internal jugular vein.

Imaging and Assessment

A CT angiogram of the head and neck can visualize blood vessels and assess for abnormalities or blockages.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the venous drainage of the head and neck with this quiz. Identify key vessels such as the internal jugular vein, external jugular vein, and retromandibular vein. Challenge yourself to locate these veins accurately in the accompanying image.