Questions and Answers
What is the mechanism of action of nitrates?
Nitrates form NO in smooth muscle leading to relaxation.
Nitrate tolerance develops in ______ hours.
24
How can one avoid nitrate tolerance? (Select all that apply)
What is the use of nitroglycerine?
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What is isosorbide used for?
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General venodilators can be used as a sole drug.
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What is the primary use of general venodilators?
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Study Notes
Nitrate Mechanism of Action
- Nitrates convert to nitric oxide (NO) in smooth muscle, leading to vasodilation and relaxation of blood vessels.
Nitrate Tolerance
- Tolerance to nitrates can develop within 24 hours of continuous use, necessitating careful management in treatment.
- Extended-release (ER) formulations should be used to minimize tolerance effects.
Preventing Nitrate Tolerance
- To avoid developing tolerance, utilize intermittent dosing schedules.
- Co-administration of ACE inhibitors and hydralazine can help in managing tolerance levels effectively.
Uses of Nitroglycerin
- Available in transdermal patches, nitroglycerin is primarily employed for emergency situations due to its rapid onset action.
Uses of Isosorbide
- Isosorbide is administered orally and serves as a treatment option for chronic conditions, particularly in patients with refractory heart failure.
General Use of Venodilators
- Venodilators provide systemic venodilation, which is crucial in managing heart failure, particularly to relieve pulmonary edema.
- Venodilators should not be used as sole agents in therapy; combination with other treatments is essential for efficacy.
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Description
This quiz consists of flashcards focusing on venodilators, particularly nitrates. It covers their mechanism of action, tolerance issues, and various forms of administration. Ideal for medical students or professionals wanting to refresh their knowledge on cardiovascular pharmacology.
