7.2 Part 2
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Questions and Answers

What causes varicose veins?

  • High blood pressure
  • Hardening of arteries
  • Excessive physical exercise
  • Incompetent valves (correct)

    • Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) can lead to pulmonary embolism.

    True

    What are the two types of veins based on their anatomical location?

    Superficial veins and deep veins

    Varicose veins occur in the ______ veins.

    <p>superficial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following conditions with their descriptions:

    <p>Varicose veins = Dilated segments of vein associated with valvular incompetence DVT = Formation of a blood clot within deep veins Superficial veins = Veins located just under the skin's surface Deep veins = Veins located underneath the deep fascia of the lower limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of veins in the cardiovascular system?

    <p>To carry deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pulmonary veins carry deoxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main types of veins?

    <p>Postcapillary venules, venules, veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ________ vein is commonly used for venepuncture.

    <p>median cubital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the pressure in postcapillary venules?

    <p>Lower than capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following veins with their corresponding locations:

    <p>Cephalic vein = Upper limb Basilic vein = Upper limb Superficial palmar arch = Hand Deep veins = Lower limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Deep veins and superficial veins in the system have no relationship with the arteries in the limb.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of veins are found in the lower limb?

    <p>Deep veins and superficial veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary complication associated with deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

    <p>Pulmonary embolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Varicose veins occur in the deep veins of the lower limb.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initial issues do varicose veins primarily present with?

    <p>cosmetic issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Deep vein thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot within the ______ veins of the lower limbs.

    <p>deep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of veins with their characteristics:

    <p>Postcapillary Venules = Smallest veins that drain capillaries Venules = Larger than postcapillary venules, still part of the venous system Superficial veins = Located beneath the skin and visible Deep veins = Accompany major arteries and are located deep within tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of veins in the cardiovascular system?

    <p>To carry deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Superficial veins are located deep within the tissues of the limbs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of veins based on their anatomical location?

    <p>Superficial veins and deep veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ vein is often used for venepuncture.

    <p>median cubital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of vein with its description:

    <p>Postcapillary Venules = Receive blood from capillaries Venules = Connect to form larger veins Superficial veins = Located just beneath the skin Deep veins = Accompany arteries in the limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following veins is incorrectly paired with its location?

    <p>Femoral vein - superficial lower limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pulmonary veins carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name a clinical disorder associated with the venous system.

    <p>Varicose veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Veins: Function

    • Veins generally carry deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart, where it can be sent to the lungs.
    • The pulmonary veins are an exception, carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
    • Capillaries consist of a single layer of endothelium and facilitate nutrient and gas exchange with tissues.

    Types of Veins: Structural and Functional

    • Postcapillary Venules: Receive blood from capillaries and empty into venules, with lower pressure than capillaries or tissues.
    • Venules: Continue to move blood away from capillaries and eventually unite to form veins. They contain valves preventing retrograde blood flow.
    • Veins: The major vessels of the venous system, responsible for returning blood to the heart.

    Types of Veins: Anatomical Location

    • Superficial veins: Located under the skin (subcutaneous).
    • Deep veins: Located underneath the deep fascia, often accompanying major arteries.

    Superficial Veins: Upper Limb

    • Hand: Superficial palmar arch.
    • Forearm: Cephalic vein, Basilic vein, and Median (cubital) forearm vein.
    • Median cubital vein: Clinically significant for venipuncture (blood drawing) and intravenous cannulation.
    • Arm: Cephalic vein and Basilic vein.

    Superficial Veins: Lower Limb

    • Foot: Dorsal planter arch.
    • Leg: Great and small saphenous vein.
    • Thigh: Great saphenous vein.

    Varicose Veins: Lower Limb

    • Dilated segments of veins associated with valvular incompetence (inefficient valves).
    • Incompetent valves allow blood to flow from the deep venous system to the superficial system.
    • Can cause cosmetic issues, aching, or itching.
    • Treatment options include vein ligation.

    Deep Veins: Lower Limb and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

    • Deep veins lie underneath the deep fascia, accompanying major arteries.
    • Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): Blood clot formation within deep veins of the lower limb, causing blockage.
    • Symptoms of DVT: pain, swelling, and tenderness in the affected limb.
    • Pulmonary embolism: A major complication of DVT where the thrombus dislodges and travels to the lungs, potentially preventing blood from returning to the heart.

    Functions of Veins

    • Veins typically carry deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart.
    • Pulmonary veins are an exception; they carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
    • Capillaries consist of a single layer of endothelium, which allows for efficient nutrient and gas exchange with tissues.

    Types of Veins (Structural/Functional)

    • There are three main types of veins:
      • Postcapillary venules: Receive blood from capillaries and empty into venules. Their pressure is lower than capillaries and surrounding tissues.
      • Venules: Connect with postcapillary venules and continue moving blood away from capillary beds. Many venules join to form a vein. They have valves that prevent backflow of blood.
      • Veins: The major vessels of the venous system, responsible for returning blood to the heart.

    Types of Veins (Anatomical Location)

    • Veins are categorized into two types based on their location:
      • Superficial veins (subcutaneous): Located near the skin's surface.
      • Deep veins: Located deeper within the body, often accompanying arteries.

    Superficial Veins (Upper Limb)

    • Veins of the upper limb are divided into deep veins (accompanying arteries) and superficial veins.
    • Hand: Superficial palmar arch.
    • Forearm: Cephalic vein, Basilic vein, and Median (cubital) forearm vein.
      • Median cubital vein: Clinically relevant for venipuncture (blood drawing) and intravenous cannula insertion.
    • Arm: Cephalic vein and Basilic vein.

    Superficial Veins (Lower Limb)

    • Veins of the lower limb are also categorized into deep and superficial veins.
    • Foot: Dorsal planter arch.
    • Leg: Great and small saphenous vein.
    • Thigh: Great saphenous vein.

    Varicose Veins (Lower Limb)

    • Varicose veins are dilated segments of veins associated with valvular incompetence.
    • They result from incompetent valves, allowing blood flow from deep to superficial venous systems.
    • Initially presenting as cosmetic issues, they can cause aching or itching.
    • Treatment options include vein ligation.

    Deep Veins (Lower Limb and DVT)

    • Deep veins are located beneath the deep fascia of the lower limb, alongside major arteries.
    • Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is the formation of blood clots within the deep veins of the lower limbs, obstructing blood flow.
    • DVT causes pain, swelling, and tenderness in the affected limb.
    • The primary complication of DVT is pulmonary embolism: Dislodged thrombus travels to the lungs, blocking blood flow and potentially leading to death.

    Summary

    • Veins generally carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart.
    • Veins are classified based on function (postcapillary venules, venules, veins) and location (superficial and deep).
    • Varicose veins occur in the superficial veins and are caused by valvular incompetence.
    • Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) occurs in the deep veins and can lead to pulmonary embolism.

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