Veins and Arteries

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Which of the following is NOT a pacemaker in the conduction system of the heart?

SA node

Purkinje fibers

Bundle of His (correct)

AV node

Which system can influence heart rate?

Respiratory system

Muscular system

Endocrine system (correct)

Digestive system

Which of the following is NOT a method of controlling heart rate?

Sympathetic nervous system

Parasympathetic nervous system

Respiratory system (correct)

Endocrine system

Which chapter of the textbook is being reviewed for the exam?

Chapter 9 Signup and view all the answers

Which cells in the heart are responsible for SPONTANEOUSLY firing electrical commands to tell the cardiomyocytes that it's time to contract?

SA node Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the AV node in the conduction system of the heart?

To delay the electrical signal before it reaches the ventricles Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the four pacemakers of the heart?

Atria Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of intercalated discs and gap junctions in cardiac muscle cells?

To allow for the synchronization of contraction between atrial and ventricular cells Signup and view all the answers

According to Ohm's Law, what is the relationship between Flow, Pressure, and Resistance?

Flow = Pressure / Resistance Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between Conductance and Resistance in a blood vessel?

Conductance is the inverse of Resistance Signup and view all the answers

How does changing the radius of a blood vessel affect blood flow?

Increasing the radius increases blood flow Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increased hematocrit on blood viscosity?

Increased hematocrit increases blood viscosity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of arteries?

Withstand high blood pressure and high velocity Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the cross-sectional area of a blood vessel and the velocity of blood flow?

The larger the cross-sectional area, the slower the blood flow Signup and view all the answers

What situations can lead to turbulent flow in blood vessels?

Blood passing by an obstruction Signup and view all the answers

What is the Reynolds number and how does it relate to turbulent flow?

Reynolds number is directly related to turbulent flow Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the refractory period in cardiac muscle?

Another action potential cannot be fired because ion concentrations must be reset Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cardiac cycle is characterized by the aortic valve closing and the ventricle pressure equaling the diastolic pressure?

Phase IV: Isovolumetric Relaxation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the action potential in cardiac muscle cells and skeletal muscle cells?

Cardiac muscle cells use Ca2+ to depolarize and repolarize, while skeletal muscle cells use Na+ to depolarize and K+ to repolarize Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of cardiac arrhythmias?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about veins as blood reservoirs?

Veins are the most stretchy blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between volume and pressure in arteries and veins?

Arteries have a big change in pressure with a small change in volume Signup and view all the answers

What effect does sympathetic stimulation have on the volume/pressure graph of arteries and veins?

Sympathetic stimulation increases pressure at each volume for arteries and decreases pressure for veins Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about venous pressures?

Central venous pressure is regulated by the heart and blood flow from peripheral veins Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct explanation for positive net filtration pressure in the capillaries?

Positive net filtration pressure causes net fluid filtration out of the capillaries. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main functions of the lymphatic system?

Fluid balance, immune defense, and transport of lipids & proteins. Signup and view all the answers

What determines lymph flow in the body?

Interstitial fluid pressure and lymphatic pump. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important plasma protein for controlling oncotic pressure in the capillaries?

Albumin Signup and view all the answers

What happens when capillary pressure increases too much?

Fluid is forced out of the capillaries. Signup and view all the answers

Which theory explains the acute control of blood flow in specific tissues based on metabolic factors?

Metabolic Theory Signup and view all the answers