Venous system
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Questions and Answers

Which type of blood vessels are more distensible than arteries?

  • Venules
  • Arterioles
  • Veins (correct)
  • Capillaries

    • Where is the majority of the total blood volume stored?

  • Venules
  • Capillaries
  • Veins (correct)
  • Arteries

    • What is the approximate value of central venous pressure?

  • 90 mmHg
  • 120 mmHg
  • 12 mmHg (correct)
  • 50 mmHg

    • Which part of the nervous system innervates both veins and arteries?

    <p>Sympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does sympathetic stimulation have on the compliance and blood volume of veins?

    <p>Decreases compliance and blood volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines venous pressure in the body?

    <p>Gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes distention of the compliant vessels in the cardiovascular system?

    <p>High hydrostatic pressures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of venous valves in venous return?

    <p>Prevent backflow of blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the stroke volume of the left ventricle during expiration?

    <p>Increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about sympathetic stimulation of the veins?

    <p>It decreases their compliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that determines the pressure within the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Contraction of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the pressure produced by the weight of the blood be calculated?

    <p>By knowing the density of the blood (ρ), the gravitational constant (g), and the height of the column of blood (h)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does gravity affect venous return in the cardiovascular system?

    <p>It decreases venous return</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of venous valves in venous return?

    <p>They decrease the weight of the fluid column</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does the intermittent contraction of muscles have on venous return?

    <p>It increases venous return</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the stroke volume of the right ventricle during expiration?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does sympathetic stimulation have on the compliance and blood volume of veins?

    <p>It decreases compliance and blood volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During inspiration, what happens to the preload of the right ventricle?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the stroke volume of the left ventricle during expiration?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does the increase in intrathoracic pressure during expiration have on the preload of the right ventricle?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An experiemnt in which a real ventricle is placed in the circulation and a syringe is used to regulate CVP. Which variable is the dependent variable in the relationship between cardiac output (CO) and central venous pressure (CVP)?

    <p>CO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to CVP when CO increases?

    <p>CVP tends to decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to CO when CVP increases?

    <p>CO tends to increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism for changes in cardiac output?

    <p>Changes in end-diastolic volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mean blood pressure (MBP)?

    <p>The point where the vascular function curve intersects the x-axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What increases mean systemic pressure?

    <p>An increase in blood volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What decreases mean systemic pressure?

    <p>A decrease in blood volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the slope of the venous return curve?

    <p>Resistance of the arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an up rotation of the venous return curve indicate?

    <p>A decrease in total peripheral resistance (TPR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a down rotation of the venous return curve indicate?

    <p>An increase in TPR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to venous return when TPR is decreased for a given right atrial pressure?

    <p>Venous return increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about venous compliance?

    <p>Venous compliance decreases with sympathetic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to central venous pressure (CVP) when veins become stiffer?

    <p>CVP increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During respiratory inspiration, what happens to venous return?

    <p>Venous return increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between venous return and cardiac output, IN A CLOSED CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM?

    <p>Venous return must be equal to cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mean circulatory pressure?

    <p>The pressure in veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives blood flow from the aorta to the right ventricle?

    <p>Pressure gradient between the aorta and the right ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an experiment where a real ventricle is placed in the circulation and central venous pressure (CVP) is regulated, what happens to cardiac output (CO)?

    <p>CO increases as a function of CVP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an experiment where a mechanical pump is used to control cardiac output (CO) and central venous pressure (CVP) is measured, what happens to CVP?

    <p>CVP decreases as a function of CO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does sympathetic stimulation have on the compliance and blood volume of veins?

    <p>Sympathetic stimulation decreases compliance and blood volume of veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to venous pressure when volume is removed from the venous vessels?

    <p>Venous pressure decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equilibrium point in the cardiovascular system?

    <p>The point where CO is equal to venous return</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to CVP after a transfusion?

    <p>CVP increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net result of a transfusion?

    <p>increase in both CVP and CO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does autotransfusion have on CVP (net)?

    <p>CVP increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily determines peripheral resistance (TPR)?

    <p>Arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when you have increased TPR?

    <p>More pressure is required to drive the same CO across the arteriolar resistance vessesls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to cardiac output (CO) when myocardial contractility increases?

    <p>CO increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can change cardiac output (CO)?

    <p>Changes in both CVP and venous return</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about venous return and cardiac output in heart failure?

    <p>Venous return increases and cardiac output decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to central venous pressure (CVP) in heart failure?

    <p>CVP increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between end-diastolic volume (EDV) and force of contraction?

    <p>Increased EDV leads to increased force of contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the compensatory mechanism for heart failure?

    <p>Increased blood volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does heart failure have on cardiac output?

    <p>Cardiac output decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increased resting length of the cardiac muscle on force of contraction?

    <p>Increased resting length leads to increased force of contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increased central venous pressure (CVP) on end-diastolic volume (EDV)?

    <p>Increased CVP increases EDV</p> Signup and view all the answers

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