56 Questions
Which type of blood vessels are more distensible than arteries?
Veins
Where is the majority of the total blood volume stored?
Veins
What is the approximate value of central venous pressure?
12 mmHg
Which part of the nervous system innervates both veins and arteries?
Sympathetic nervous system
What effect does sympathetic stimulation have on the compliance and blood volume of veins?
Decreases compliance and blood volume
What determines venous pressure in the body?
Gravity
What causes distention of the compliant vessels in the cardiovascular system?
High hydrostatic pressures
What is the role of venous valves in venous return?
Prevent backflow of blood
What happens to the stroke volume of the left ventricle during expiration?
Increases
Which of the following is true about sympathetic stimulation of the veins?
It decreases their compliance
What is the main factor that determines the pressure within the cardiovascular system?
Contraction of the heart
How can the pressure produced by the weight of the blood be calculated?
By knowing the density of the blood (ρ), the gravitational constant (g), and the height of the column of blood (h)
How does gravity affect venous return in the cardiovascular system?
It decreases venous return
What is the role of venous valves in venous return?
They decrease the weight of the fluid column
What effect does the intermittent contraction of muscles have on venous return?
It increases venous return
What happens to the stroke volume of the right ventricle during expiration?
It decreases
What effect does sympathetic stimulation have on the compliance and blood volume of veins?
It decreases compliance and blood volume
During inspiration, what happens to the preload of the right ventricle?
It increases
What happens to the stroke volume of the left ventricle during expiration?
It increases
What effect does the increase in intrathoracic pressure during expiration have on the preload of the right ventricle?
It decreases
An experiemnt in which a real ventricle is placed in the circulation and a syringe is used to regulate CVP. Which variable is the dependent variable in the relationship between cardiac output (CO) and central venous pressure (CVP)?
CO
What happens to CVP when CO increases?
CVP tends to decrease
What happens to CO when CVP increases?
CO tends to increase
What is the primary mechanism for changes in cardiac output?
Changes in end-diastolic volume
What is the mean blood pressure (MBP)?
The point where the vascular function curve intersects the x-axis
What increases mean systemic pressure?
An increase in blood volume
What decreases mean systemic pressure?
A decrease in blood volume
What determines the slope of the venous return curve?
Resistance of the arterioles
What does an up rotation of the venous return curve indicate?
A decrease in total peripheral resistance (TPR)
What does a down rotation of the venous return curve indicate?
An increase in TPR
What happens to venous return when TPR is decreased for a given right atrial pressure?
Venous return increases
Which of the following statements is true about venous compliance?
Venous compliance decreases with sympathetic activity
What happens to central venous pressure (CVP) when veins become stiffer?
CVP increases
During respiratory inspiration, what happens to venous return?
Venous return increases
What is the relationship between venous return and cardiac output, IN A CLOSED CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM?
Venous return must be equal to cardiac output
What is the mean circulatory pressure?
The pressure in veins
What drives blood flow from the aorta to the right ventricle?
Pressure gradient between the aorta and the right ventricle
In an experiment where a real ventricle is placed in the circulation and central venous pressure (CVP) is regulated, what happens to cardiac output (CO)?
CO increases as a function of CVP
In an experiment where a mechanical pump is used to control cardiac output (CO) and central venous pressure (CVP) is measured, what happens to CVP?
CVP decreases as a function of CO
What effect does sympathetic stimulation have on the compliance and blood volume of veins?
Sympathetic stimulation decreases compliance and blood volume of veins
What happens to venous pressure when volume is removed from the venous vessels?
Venous pressure decreases
What is the equilibrium point in the cardiovascular system?
The point where CO is equal to venous return
What happens to CVP after a transfusion?
CVP increases
What is the net result of a transfusion?
increase in both CVP and CO
What effect does autotransfusion have on CVP (net)?
CVP increases
What primarily determines peripheral resistance (TPR)?
Arterioles
What happens when you have increased TPR?
More pressure is required to drive the same CO across the arteriolar resistance vessesls
What happens to cardiac output (CO) when myocardial contractility increases?
CO increases
What can change cardiac output (CO)?
Changes in both CVP and venous return
Which of the following is true about venous return and cardiac output in heart failure?
Venous return increases and cardiac output decreases
What happens to central venous pressure (CVP) in heart failure?
CVP increases
What is the relationship between end-diastolic volume (EDV) and force of contraction?
Increased EDV leads to increased force of contraction
What is the compensatory mechanism for heart failure?
Increased blood volume
What effect does heart failure have on cardiac output?
Cardiac output decreases
What is the effect of increased resting length of the cardiac muscle on force of contraction?
Increased resting length leads to increased force of contraction
What is the effect of increased central venous pressure (CVP) on end-diastolic volume (EDV)?
Increased CVP increases EDV
Test your knowledge of the circulatory system with this quiz on veins and arteries. Learn about their differences in distensibility, blood volume, and function as blood reservoirs. Explore the varying pressures in veins and arteries and their innervation.
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