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Questions and Answers
What is the primary effect of lateral deformation on a tire?
What is the primary effect of lateral deformation on a tire?
- It causes the tire to increase its rolling resistance.
- It ensures the tire maintains its orientation without any change.
- It leads to the shearing of tread elements as they enter the contact patch. (correct)
- It prevents the tire from displacing laterally as it rolls.
How does lateral force behave in relation to tractive/braking force?
How does lateral force behave in relation to tractive/braking force?
- Lateral force is similar to tractive/braking force, increasing linearly in the adhesion zone but capped in the sliding zone. (correct)
- Lateral force exhibits a distinct peak, similar to tractive/braking force.
- Lateral force increases exponentially in the adhesion zone.
- Lateral force is significantly higher than tractive/braking force at all slip angles.
What does the Temple/Von Schlippe model primarily treat the tire tread as?
What does the Temple/Von Schlippe model primarily treat the tire tread as?
- An elastic, stretched string. (correct)
- A rigid, unyielding structure.
- A viscous, dampening element.
- A series of independent blocks.
In the context of the Temple/Von Schlippe theory, what is neglected to simplify the model?
In the context of the Temple/Von Schlippe theory, what is neglected to simplify the model?
How does increasing the normal load typically affect the cornering coefficient of a tire?
How does increasing the normal load typically affect the cornering coefficient of a tire?
How does lateral weight transfer affect cornering?
How does lateral weight transfer affect cornering?
How does increasing tire inflation pressure generally affect the cornering coefficient?
How does increasing tire inflation pressure generally affect the cornering coefficient?
Why is the resultant lateral force on a tire not applied at the center of the contact patch?
Why is the resultant lateral force on a tire not applied at the center of the contact patch?
What causes the self-aligning torque to decrease at larger slip angles?
What causes the self-aligning torque to decrease at larger slip angles?
How is camber angle defined when the top of the tire is further from the centerline than the bottom?
How is camber angle defined when the top of the tire is further from the centerline than the bottom?
Flashcards
Sheared Tread Elements
Sheared Tread Elements
Tread elements are subject to shear forces upon entering the contact patch.
Lateral Tire Displacement
Lateral Tire Displacement
The tire deforms laterally as it rolls, displacing sideways without reorienting.
Cornering Stiffness
Cornering Stiffness
Slope of lateral force vs. sideslip angle near zero sideslip
Lateral Deflection
Lateral Deflection
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Lateral Force
Lateral Force
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Temple/Von Schlippe Model
Temple/Von Schlippe Model
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Aligning Torque
Aligning Torque
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Tire Mounting
Tire Mounting
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Camber Angle
Camber Angle
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Study Notes
- Lateral forces is for vehicle dynamics
- Chapter 1; Section 1.4.1-1.4.4
Side-Loaded Tire
- Tread elements are sheared upon entering the contact patch
- Lateral deformation occurs
- The path of points A0-A4 is followed as they pass through the contact patch
- Tire displaces laterally as it rolls without any change to orientation
Lateral Force
- Lateral deflection begins before the tread enters the contact patch
- Lateral deflection increases along the contact patch
- Lateral force are similar to tractive/braking forces
- Lateral force increases linearly in the adhesion zone and capped in the sliding zone
Lateral Dynamics of Tires
- Temple/Von Schlippe Model exists
- The tire tread is elastic and stretched
- Sidewall is ignored
- Longitudinal forces are neglected
Temple / von Schlippe Theory Results
- Describes tire lateral force and aligning moment
- Lateral Force = 2 * ky / alpha * (lr / 2 + Lt)^2 = Ca
- Aligning Moment = ky * Lt / alpha * (1/12 * Lt^2 + lr * (lr / 2 + Lt))
- Pneumatic Trail = Mz / Fy
Effects of Tire Load on Lateral Force
- Cornering stiffness is the slope of lateral force vs sideslip angle near zero sideslip
- Cornering coefficient is the cornering stiffness per unit normal (vertical) load
- Lateral force is not wholly linear with load for a given side-slip angle
- Lateral weight transfer due to lateral acceleration reduces cornering
Effect of Construction & Pressure on Lateral Force
- Tire construction and inflation alters the relationship between the cornering coefficient and inflation pressure.
Lateral Force and Aligning Torque
- Similar to vertical force and longitudinal force, resultant lateral force not applied at contact patch center
- Resultant torque, Mz, acts in direction that will rotate the tire toward the direction of motion.
Relationship of Cornering Force & Self-Aligning Torque
- Mz increases with alpha at small alpha due to increasing Fy, acting at the pneumatic trail (no sliding)
- Mz decreases at larger alpha due to reduction in tp, caused by the sliding zone, which shifts the resultant force forward.
Lateral Force due to Camber Angle
- Tires are seldom mounted on vehicles in exactly vertical orientation
- Camber angle is the angle between the tire's center plane and vertical
- Camber is defined as positive when the top of the tire is further from the centerline than the bottom.
- Fy = Fya +- Fyy
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