10 Questions
Which of the following represents the correct unit for momentum?
kg.ms$^{-1}$
What is the unit of force ?
Newton (N)
According to Newton's First Law, what happens to a body in the absence of external force?
It remains at rest or moves at constant velocity
What does Newton's Third Law state regarding forces in a system?
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
In the equation F = ma, what does 'm' represent?
Mass
Which quantity is defined as having both magnitude and direction?
Displacement
What mathematical concept can be used to find perpendicular components of a vector?
Pythagoras theorem
Which law is used to determine the direction of the resultant of two vectors?
Triangle Law
In which situation does a body experience acceleration even if its speed remains constant?
When changing directions
What is the measure of the amount of matter in a body?
Mass
Study Notes
Momentum and Force
- Momentum (p) is the product of an object's mass (m) and velocity (v): p = mv
- Unit of momentum is kg.ms^-1
- Principle of Conservation of Momentum: Total momentum before an interaction is equal to the total momentum after, within a closed system: m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2
Force and Newton's Laws
- A force (F) causes acceleration, and F = ma
- Unit of force is Newton (N), where 1 N gives a mass of 1 kg an acceleration of 1 ms^-2
- Newton's Laws of Motion:
- Law 1: A body remains at rest or continues moving at constant velocity unless acted upon by a resultant external force
- Law 2: The rate of change of momentum is proportional to the applied force and takes place in the direction of the force: F ∝ dp/dt
- Law 3: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
Vectors and Scalars
- Vector quantity: has both magnitude and direction (e.g. Displacement and momentum)
- Scalar quantity: has magnitude only (e.g. Distance and time)
- The triangle and parallelogram law are used to find the direction of the resultant of two vectors
Distance, Speed, and Velocity
- Distance (s) is a measure of how far one point is from another
- Speed (v) is the distance travelled per unit time, and is a scalar quantity
- Velocity (v or u) is the rate of change of displacement with respect to time, and is a vector quantity
Acceleration
- Acceleration (a) is the rate of change of velocity with respect to time: a = (v-u)/t
- A body has an acceleration even if its speed remains constant if it is changing directions
- In the absence of air resistance, all objects near the earth's surface will fall with an acceleration due to gravity 'g'
Equations of Motion
- a = acceleration (ms^-2)
- u = initial velocity (ms^-1)
- v = final velocity (ms^-1)
- s = displacement (m)
- Equations: v = u + at, s = ut + 0.5at^2, v^2 = u^2 + 2as
Explore the concepts of vectors and scalars, understanding the difference between vector quantities with magnitude and direction, and scalar quantities with magnitude only. Learn about finding the resultant of vectors using the triangle and parallelogram law, as well as using trigonometry and Pythagoras theorem to find perpendicular components. Dive into distance measurement between two points and speed calculation.
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