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Questions and Answers
What distinguishes displacement from distance?
What distinguishes displacement from distance?
What term is used to describe the total length of the path traveled by an object?
What term is used to describe the total length of the path traveled by an object?
Which of the following is a scalar quantity?
Which of the following is a scalar quantity?
Which of the following best describes a vector quantity?
Which of the following best describes a vector quantity?
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How is position defined in relation to a reference point?
How is position defined in relation to a reference point?
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Which of the following units can be used to measure both distance and displacement?
Which of the following units can be used to measure both distance and displacement?
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Which statement about vector quantities is true?
Which statement about vector quantities is true?
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What is NOT a characteristic of scalar quantities?
What is NOT a characteristic of scalar quantities?
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What does the slope of a Position vs Time Graph indicate about an object's movement?
What does the slope of a Position vs Time Graph indicate about an object's movement?
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How is speed defined in physics?
How is speed defined in physics?
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Which equation correctly represents the calculation of acceleration?
Which equation correctly represents the calculation of acceleration?
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What does a zero slope on a Position vs Time Graph indicate?
What does a zero slope on a Position vs Time Graph indicate?
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In what scenario would an object have negative acceleration?
In what scenario would an object have negative acceleration?
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What is the SI unit for velocity?
What is the SI unit for velocity?
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Uniform acceleration refers to which type of motion?
Uniform acceleration refers to which type of motion?
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What is the main difference between speed and velocity?
What is the main difference between speed and velocity?
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What distinguishes non-uniform acceleration from uniform acceleration?
What distinguishes non-uniform acceleration from uniform acceleration?
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Which of the following equations is part of the BIG FIVE equations of motion?
Which of the following equations is part of the BIG FIVE equations of motion?
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In free fall, what value is typically used for the acceleration due to gravity (g)?
In free fall, what value is typically used for the acceleration due to gravity (g)?
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How can the displacement of an object under uniform acceleration be computed?
How can the displacement of an object under uniform acceleration be computed?
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What behavior characterizes projectile motion?
What behavior characterizes projectile motion?
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If a car accelerates uniformly at 5 m/s^2 for 10 seconds, what is its final velocity?
If a car accelerates uniformly at 5 m/s^2 for 10 seconds, what is its final velocity?
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What is the main feature of uniformly accelerated motion?
What is the main feature of uniformly accelerated motion?
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What describes the components of projectile motion?
What describes the components of projectile motion?
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Study Notes
Kinematics: Distance and Displacement
- Distance is the total length of the path traveled. It's a scalar quantity (magnitude only).
- Displacement is the change in position from start to finish. It's a vector quantity (has magnitude and direction).
- Distance is measured in meters, kilometers, or miles. Generally not emphasised in the AP exam.
- Displacement is typically represented using a vector with an arrow from initial to final position, also measured in meters/kilometers/miles.
Scalar Quantities
- Scalar quantities have magnitude only.
- Examples include mass, temperature, time, speed, distance, energy, and power.
- Represented by a single numerical value, in standard units.
Vector Quantities
- Vector quantities have both magnitude and direction.
- Examples include displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, and momentum.
- Represented graphically by an arrow. The length of the arrow indicates the magnitude. The direction of the arrow indicates the direction of the vector.
- Can be added and subtracted using vector algebra.
Position, Velocity, and Acceleration
- Position is the location of an object relative to a reference point. It is a vector quantity.
- Velocity is the rate of change of position (displacement over time). A vector quantity.
- Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity (change in velocity over time). A vector quantity.
- Position vs. Time graphs show the velocity, Constant slope = constant velocity. Curved slope = acceleration.
- Velocity vs. Time graphs show the acceleration, Constant slope = constant acceleration.
Speed vs. Velocity
- Speed is the rate of change of distance (distance over time). Scalar quantity.
- Velocity is the rate of change of displacement (displacement over time). Vector quantity.
Uniform Acceleration
- Acceleration is constant over time.
- Object's velocity changes by the same amount in each unit of time.
Calculating Acceleration
- Acceleration = (Final Velocity - Initial Velocity) / Time.
Units of Acceleration
- Standard unit is meters per second squared (m/s²). Other units exist (e.g., ft/s²).
Positive and Negative Acceleration
- Positive acceleration means the object is speeding up.
- Negative acceleration means the object is slowing down.
Non-Uniform Acceleration
- Acceleration changes over time.
- More complex calculations may be required.
Free Fall
- Special case of uniform acceleration due to gravity, near the surface of the Earth.
- Acceleration due to gravity is roughly 9.8 m/s².
- Formula: distance = 0.5 * acceleration * time².
Uniformly Accelerated Motion (The Big Five Equations)
- Set of equations to describe motion of objects under constant acceleration.
- Relate initial velocity, final velocity, acceleration, displacement, and time.
- Equations include: v = u + at, s = ut + 1/2at², v² = u² + 2as, s = 1/2(u + v)t and a=(v-u)/t
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Description
Test your understanding of distance and displacement in kinematics. This quiz covers scalar and vector quantities, highlighting their properties and measurement. Perfect for AP exam preparation or anyone looking to strengthen their physics fundamentals.
