Podcast
Questions and Answers
Vector-borne diseases are generally monocyclic with only one transmission cycle within one season.
Vector-borne diseases are generally monocyclic with only one transmission cycle within one season.
False
Aphids have two forms of adults: apterae (without wings local movement resulting in aggregation) and alatae (winged forms that can disperse over short and long distances).
Aphids have two forms of adults: apterae (without wings local movement resulting in aggregation) and alatae (winged forms that can disperse over short and long distances).
True
The effect of wind on the spatial spread of black currant reversion virus transmitted by aphids can be estimated using the 'multiple infection transformation' ln[1/(1-x)], where x is the proportion of diseased plants or diseased area.
The effect of wind on the spatial spread of black currant reversion virus transmitted by aphids can be estimated using the 'multiple infection transformation' ln[1/(1-x)], where x is the proportion of diseased plants or diseased area.
True
Prevention of landing of the vector on the crop may work better, for example by reflective mulches or a barrier with insecticide strip.
Prevention of landing of the vector on the crop may work better, for example by reflective mulches or a barrier with insecticide strip.
Signup and view all the answers
Host plant resistance to the vector and pathogen is not an effective control method for vector-borne diseases.
Host plant resistance to the vector and pathogen is not an effective control method for vector-borne diseases.
Signup and view all the answers
Roguing of post-infectious plants has no effect on disease development.
Roguing of post-infectious plants has no effect on disease development.
Signup and view all the answers
Roguing of infectious symptomatic and asymptomatic plants can be effective in controlling the spread of vector-borne diseases.
Roguing of infectious symptomatic and asymptomatic plants can be effective in controlling the spread of vector-borne diseases.
Signup and view all the answers
Generally, a combination of different control tactics is not needed to reduce epidemic development of vector-borne diseases.
Generally, a combination of different control tactics is not needed to reduce epidemic development of vector-borne diseases.
Signup and view all the answers
The distribution of wheat streak mosaic virus transmitted by the wheat curl mite, as measured by a spectral reflectance meter at different distances from the edge of a field, is shown by the dotted line in the graph.
The distribution of wheat streak mosaic virus transmitted by the wheat curl mite, as measured by a spectral reflectance meter at different distances from the edge of a field, is shown by the dotted line in the graph.
Signup and view all the answers
The incidence of tomato yellow leaf curl, transmitted by Bemisia tabaci whiteflies, is not affected by the use of a barrier with insecticide.
The incidence of tomato yellow leaf curl, transmitted by Bemisia tabaci whiteflies, is not affected by the use of a barrier with insecticide.
Signup and view all the answers
Yellow sticky traps are less effective for Homoptera than water pans.
Yellow sticky traps are less effective for Homoptera than water pans.
Signup and view all the answers
Trap design does not affect catch.
Trap design does not affect catch.
Signup and view all the answers
Real-time quantitative PCR methods can be used for identifying and quantifying viruses in plants or vectors.
Real-time quantitative PCR methods can be used for identifying and quantifying viruses in plants or vectors.
Signup and view all the answers
Amplicon sequence non-specific methods, such as SYBR Green I, show fluorescence proportional to total dsDNA.
Amplicon sequence non-specific methods, such as SYBR Green I, show fluorescence proportional to total dsDNA.
Signup and view all the answers
Amplicon sequence specific methods include TaqMan, Molecular beacons, Scorpion PCR, and probes labeled with a donor fluorophore and acceptor dye.
Amplicon sequence specific methods include TaqMan, Molecular beacons, Scorpion PCR, and probes labeled with a donor fluorophore and acceptor dye.
Signup and view all the answers
Vector relationships include specificity and persistence, which can affect epidemic development.
Vector relationships include specificity and persistence, which can affect epidemic development.
Signup and view all the answers
There are four steps in vector transmission: acquisition, movement inside the vector, multiplication, and inoculation.
There are four steps in vector transmission: acquisition, movement inside the vector, multiplication, and inoculation.
Signup and view all the answers
Factors affecting transmission and epidemic development include the proportion of infected source plants, pathogen content, vector density, vector aggregation, vector movement, and presence of alternate hosts.
Factors affecting transmission and epidemic development include the proportion of infected source plants, pathogen content, vector density, vector aggregation, vector movement, and presence of alternate hosts.
Signup and view all the answers
Modeled virus transmission includes acquisition and inoculation over time, as well as disease incidence over time for various types of viruses.
Modeled virus transmission includes acquisition and inoculation over time, as well as disease incidence over time for various types of viruses.
Signup and view all the answers
Vectors are not more attracted to diseased plants, indicating co-evolution.
Vectors are not more attracted to diseased plants, indicating co-evolution.
Signup and view all the answers
Vector-borne pathogens can include viruses, bacteria, and some fungi.
Vector-borne pathogens can include viruses, bacteria, and some fungi.
Signup and view all the answers
The main insect vectors that transmit viruses, bacteria, and mollicutes belong to the order Lepidoptera.
The main insect vectors that transmit viruses, bacteria, and mollicutes belong to the order Lepidoptera.
Signup and view all the answers
Some viruses can be transmitted by thrips, mites, fungal-like organisms, or nematodes.
Some viruses can be transmitted by thrips, mites, fungal-like organisms, or nematodes.
Signup and view all the answers
Spores of plant pathogenic fungi can be transmitted by bees and butterflies.
Spores of plant pathogenic fungi can be transmitted by bees and butterflies.
Signup and view all the answers
Pathogen population size does not influence disease development.
Pathogen population size does not influence disease development.
Signup and view all the answers
For many plant virus diseases, the epidemiologically important propagule is often the vector.
For many plant virus diseases, the epidemiologically important propagule is often the vector.
Signup and view all the answers
The text mentions that the same is true for phloem-limited bacteria or mollicutes.
The text mentions that the same is true for phloem-limited bacteria or mollicutes.
Signup and view all the answers
Quantifying viruses and other pathogens in vectors is not important for plant virus diseases.
Quantifying viruses and other pathogens in vectors is not important for plant virus diseases.
Signup and view all the answers
The text mentions that the same is true for phloem-limited bacteria or mollicutes.
The text mentions that the same is true for phloem-limited bacteria or mollicutes.
Signup and view all the answers
Pathogen ecology, such as being soilborne or foliar, does not influence disease development.
Pathogen ecology, such as being soilborne or foliar, does not influence disease development.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
- Insect vectors used for quantification: Landing and impaction traps (water pan trap, yellow sticky traps), vertical net, suction traps
- Yellow sticky traps more effective for Homoptera than water pans
- Trap design affects catch: size, color, height, location, position
- Suction traps useful for measuring vector density, but expensive and labor-intensive
- Real-time quantitative PCR methods for identifying and quantifying viruses in plants or vectors
- Amplicon sequence non-specific methods: SYBR Green I, fluorescence proportional to total dsDNA
- Amplicon sequence specific methods: TaqMan, Molecular beacons, Scorpion PCR, probe labeled with a donor fluorophore and acceptor dye
- Vector relationships: specificity (transmission by particular species or non-specifically), persistence (non-persistent, semi-persistent, circulative persistent, or circulative persistent and propagative)
- Persistence in the vector affects epidemic development
- Five steps in vector transmission: acquisition, movement inside the vector, multiplication, inoculation, and movement/replication in the host plant
- Factors affecting transmission and epidemic development: proportion of infected source plants, pathogen content, vector density, vector aggregation, vector movement, presence of alternate hosts
- Modeled virus transmission: acquisition and inoculation over time, disease incidence over time for non-persistent, semi-persistent, circulative persistent, and propagative persistent viruses
- Multiplication and movement of pathogens inside host plants affect epidemic development
- Plant virus infection can affect vector multiplication rate
- Vectors can be more attracted to diseased plants, indicating co-evolution.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore the impact of vector-borne pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, mollicutes, and fungi on disease development. Learn about the various vectors including insects, mites, nematodes, fungi, and higher animals that transmit these pathogens.
