Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which medication is the drug of choice for angina due to its long-acting nature?
Which medication is the drug of choice for angina due to its long-acting nature?
What is the primary mechanism of action of Ranolazine (Ranexa)?
What is the primary mechanism of action of Ranolazine (Ranexa)?
Which medication combination is used for angina and can be added to nitrates, beta-blockers, or calcium channel blockers?
Which medication combination is used for angina and can be added to nitrates, beta-blockers, or calcium channel blockers?
Which medication is an ARNI used for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)?
Which medication is an ARNI used for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)?
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Which medication can be added to ACE inhibitors, ARBs, or ARNIs to improve the blockage of RAAS in heart failure?
Which medication can be added to ACE inhibitors, ARBs, or ARNIs to improve the blockage of RAAS in heart failure?
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What is the primary mechanism of action of SGLT2 inhibitors in heart failure?
What is the primary mechanism of action of SGLT2 inhibitors in heart failure?
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Which class of diuretics is recommended for heart failure to maintain euvolemia and relieve congestion?
Which class of diuretics is recommended for heart failure to maintain euvolemia and relieve congestion?
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Which medication is recommended as a substitute for ACE inhibitors if a patient cannot tolerate the dry cough associated with ACE inhibitors?
Which medication is recommended as a substitute for ACE inhibitors if a patient cannot tolerate the dry cough associated with ACE inhibitors?
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Which beta-blockers are considered part of the guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for heart failure?
Which beta-blockers are considered part of the guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for heart failure?
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Which medication is used to improve outcomes in heart failure and can be added if a patient has acute diastolic heart failure and loop diuretic resistance?
Which medication is used to improve outcomes in heart failure and can be added if a patient has acute diastolic heart failure and loop diuretic resistance?
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Which medication is indicated for hypertension urgency/emergency and acute diastolic heart failure exacerbation?
Which medication is indicated for hypertension urgency/emergency and acute diastolic heart failure exacerbation?
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Which vasodilator has the potential risk of causing cyanide toxicity and needs to be monitored in an ICU setting?
Which vasodilator has the potential risk of causing cyanide toxicity and needs to be monitored in an ICU setting?
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Which vasodilator is contraindicated in renal failure and pregnancy?
Which vasodilator is contraindicated in renal failure and pregnancy?
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Which vasodilator acts directly on the smooth muscle of arterioles via nitric oxide, leading to relaxation and decreased afterload?
Which vasodilator acts directly on the smooth muscle of arterioles via nitric oxide, leading to relaxation and decreased afterload?
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Which vasodilator is associated with the risk of SLE and is indicated for hypertension in people of color and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)?
Which vasodilator is associated with the risk of SLE and is indicated for hypertension in people of color and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)?
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Which vasodilator is known for causing reflex tachycardia and palpitations as side effects?
Which vasodilator is known for causing reflex tachycardia and palpitations as side effects?
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Which vasodilator is not recommended in glaucoma, migraines, erectile dysfunction (on meds), recent stroke, and creatinine clearance less than 50?
Which vasodilator is not recommended in glaucoma, migraines, erectile dysfunction (on meds), recent stroke, and creatinine clearance less than 50?
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Which vasodilator has the potential side effect of causing delirium and psychotic behavior due to cyanide toxicity?
Which vasodilator has the potential side effect of causing delirium and psychotic behavior due to cyanide toxicity?
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Which vasodilator is specifically indicated for acute and chronic angina due to its effect on decreasing oxygen demand and dilating the venous system?
Which vasodilator is specifically indicated for acute and chronic angina due to its effect on decreasing oxygen demand and dilating the venous system?
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Which vasodilator acts on calcium channels and dilates arteries only, and is indicated for hypertension and heart failure especially in people of color?
Which vasodilator acts on calcium channels and dilates arteries only, and is indicated for hypertension and heart failure especially in people of color?
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Study Notes
Angina Treatment
- Ranolazine (Ranexa) is the drug of choice for angina due to its long-acting nature.
- Its primary mechanism of action is to inhibit the late sodium current, which reduces the calcium overload in cardiac cells.
Combination Therapy for Angina
- A combination of medications, including nitrates, beta-blockers, or calcium channel blockers, is used to treat angina.
Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
- Sacubitril/Valsartan (Entresto) is an ARNI used to treat heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).
- The medication combination of ACE inhibitors, ARBs, or ARNIs with spironolactone can be used to improve the blockage of RAAS in heart failure.
- SGLT2 inhibitors work by reducing sodium reabsorption and increasing glucose excretion, leading to a decrease in cardiac load and improvement in heart failure outcomes.
- Loop diuretics are recommended for heart failure to maintain euvolemia and relieve congestion.
Alternative Medications
- ARBs are recommended as a substitute for ACE inhibitors if a patient cannot tolerate the dry cough associated with ACE inhibitors.
- Beta-blockers (e.g., carvedilol, metoprolol) are considered part of the guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for heart failure.
- Ivabradine is used to improve outcomes in heart failure and can be added if a patient has acute diastolic heart failure and loop diuretic resistance.
- Clevidipine is indicated for hypertension urgency/emergency and acute diastolic heart failure exacerbation.
Vasodilators
- Sodium nitroprusside has the potential risk of causing cyanide toxicity and needs to be monitored in an ICU setting.
- Hydralazine is contraindicated in renal failure and pregnancy.
- Hydralazine acts directly on the smooth muscle of arterioles via nitric oxide, leading to relaxation and decreased afterload.
- Hydralazine is associated with the risk of SLE and is indicated for hypertension in people of color and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).
- Minoxidil is known for causing reflex tachycardia and palpitations as side effects.
- Minoxidil is not recommended in glaucoma, migraines, erectile dysfunction (on meds), recent stroke, and creatinine clearance less than 50.
- Sodium nitroprusside has the potential side effect of causing delirium and psychotic behavior due to cyanide toxicity.
- Isosorbide mononitrate is specifically indicated for acute and chronic angina due to its effect on decreasing oxygen demand and dilating the venous system.
- Amlodipine acts on calcium channels and dilates arteries only, and is indicated for hypertension and heart failure especially in people of color.
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Description
Test your knowledge of vasodilators Hydralazine and Sodium Nitroprusside with this quiz. Learn about their mechanisms of action, side effects, indications, contraindications, and monitoring considerations.
