Vasodilators and Vascular Pharmacology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the pharmacologic action of organic nitrates?

  • Bronchodilation
  • Vasoconstriction
  • Vasodilation (correct)
  • Cardiac stimulation

How can nitrate tolerance be managed to avoid its development?

  • Using nitrates on an empty stomach
  • Combining nitrates with ACE inhibitors
  • Taking nitrate-free intervals (correct)
  • Increasing the nitrate dosage

What is a common adverse effect of potassium channel activators?

  • Tachycardia
  • Hyperkalemia
  • Hypotension (correct)
  • Hypertension

What is a contraindication of PDE5 inhibitors?

<p>Nitrate use (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do Viagra® and Cialis® differ in terms of duration of action?

<p>Viagra® has a longer duration of action (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drugs are vasodilators?

<p>Calcium channel blockers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pharmacologic action of potassium channel activators?

<p>Bronchodilation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do organic nitrates primarily function?

<p>By relaxing blood vessels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect of PDE5 inhibitors?

<p>Hypotension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do organic nitrates differ from potassium channel activators in terms of mechanism of action?

<p>Organic nitrates primarily affect heart rate while potassium channel activators target blood vessels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between Viagra® and Cialis®?

<p>Duration of action (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of drugs is known for activating potassium channels?

<p>Potassium channel activators (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does nitrate tolerance affect the efficacy of nitrates?

<p>Decreases efficacy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect associated with PDE5 inhibitors?

<p>Priapism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do ISDN and ISMN differ in terms of their pharmacologic action?

<p>They have the same pharmacologic action (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between the mechanism of action of organic nitrates and potassium channel activators?

<p>Potassium channel activators relax vascular smooth muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug class is known for its ability to prevent the breakdown of cGMP in smooth muscle cells?

<p>PDE5 inhibitors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect associated with nitrate therapy?

<p>Reflex tachycardia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do ISDN and ISMN differ in terms of their administration route?

<p>ISDN is administered sublingually, while ISMN is administered orally (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major difference between Viagra® and Cialis® in terms of duration of action?

<p>Cialis® has a shorter duration of action than Viagra® (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Vasodilators

  • Vasodilators are drugs that dilate blood vessels, decreasing blood pressure and increasing blood flow
  • Classes of vasodilators include:
    • Organic nitrates
    • Potassium channel activators
    • PDE5 inhibitors

Vascular Smooth Muscle Contraction and Relaxation

  • Vascular smooth muscle contraction:
    • Caused by calcium ions and calmodulin
    • Leads to vasoconstriction
  • Vascular smooth muscle relaxation:
    • Caused by decreased calcium ions and increased cGMP
    • Leads to vasodilation

Organic Nitrates

  • Pharmacologic action: release NO, which increases cGMP, causing vasodilation
  • Examples: nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN)
  • MOA: donate NO, which activates guanylate cyclase, increasing cGMP
  • ADRs: headache, dizziness, flushing, nausea
  • Benefits: treat angina, heart failure, and hypertension
  • Problems: nitrate tolerance, headaches, and dependence

Nitrate Tolerance and Management

  • Mechanism: decreased ability of nitrates to release NO
  • Management:
    • Dose titration
    • Nitrate-free periods
    • Combination with other vasodilators

Potassium Channel Activators

  • MOA: open potassium channels, leading to hyperpolarization and relaxation
  • Drug names: nicorandil, pinacidil
  • ADRs: headache, dizziness, hypotension

PDE5 Inhibitors

  • MOA: inhibit phosphodiesterase 5, increasing cGMP
  • Examples: sildenafil (Viagra), tadalafil (Cialis)
  • ADRs: headache, flushing, dyspepsia
  • Contraindications: nitrates, alpha-blockers
  • Duration of action:
    • Viagra: 4-6 hours
    • Cialis: up to 36 hours

Viagra vs. Cialis

  • Both PDE5 inhibitors
  • Differences:
    • Duration of action
    • Onset of action
    • Food effects

ISDN vs. ISMN

  • Both organic nitrates
  • Differences:
    • Pharmacokinetics
    • Dosing schedules
    • ADR profiles

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