Vasculature of the Lower Limb
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Questions and Answers

What is the main artery of the human body?

  • Aorta (correct)
  • Brachiocephalic trunk
  • Left subclavian artery
  • Left common carotid artery

    • What is the direction of the arch of aorta?

  • To the right side
  • To the left side (correct)
  • Upwards
  • Downwards

    • How many branches does the arch of aorta have?

  • 3 (correct)
  • 4
  • 2
  • 5

    • What is the location of the thoracic aorta?

    <p>Left to the vertebral bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the thoracic aorta?

    <p>Supplies the thoracic wall and cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the abdominal aorta divided into?

    <p>Common iliac arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the superior gluteal artery?

    <p>Internal iliac artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the path of the superior gluteal artery through the pelvic cavity?

    <p>Suprapiriform foramen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the inferior gluteal artery?

    <p>Internal iliac artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the obturator artery?

    <p>Supplying the medial side of the thigh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the structure that the external iliac artery passes under?

    <p>Inguinal ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three compartments of the femoral sheath?

    <p>Lateral, intermediate, and femoral canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the artery that is the largest branch of the femoral artery?

    <p>Deep artery of the thigh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the artery that supplies the neck of the femur?

    <p>Medial circumflex femoral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the canal where the femoral artery, vein, and saphenous nerve are located?

    <p>Adductor canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the artery that becomes the popliteal artery and vein after exiting the adductor hiatus?

    <p>Femoral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the artery that gives a branch to supply the knee joint?

    <p>Femoral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which location does the femoral artery pass through?

    <p>Adductor canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the artery that descends in the popliteal fossa?

    <p>Popliteal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the arteries that branch from the popliteal artery to supply the calf muscles?

    <p>Sural arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the vessels that pass under the arch of ligament of soleus muscle?

    <p>Popliteal vessels and tibial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which location does the popliteal artery divide into anterior and posterior tibial arteries?

    <p>Posterior compartment of the leg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the artery that becomes the popliteal artery at the posterior aspect of the lower thigh?

    <p>Femoral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the arteries that create anastomoses around the knee joint?

    <p>Medial and lateral genicular arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the posterior tibial artery supply?

    <p>The posterior and lateral compartments of the leg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the circumflex fibular artery?

    <p>A branch of the posterior tibial artery that anastomoses with the arterial network of the knee</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the perforating branch of the fibular artery?

    <p>It passes anteriorly through the inferior aperture in the interosseus membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the deep plantar artery?

    <p>The terminal branch of the dorsalis pedis artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medial plantar artery?

    <p>A branch of the posterior tibial artery that supplies the medial side of the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery forms the deep plantar arch?

    <p>Lateral plantar artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the course of the posterior tibial artery?

    <p>It passes posteriorly through the tarsal tunnel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lateral plantar artery?

    <p>A branch of the posterior tibial artery that curves medially to form the deep plantar arch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the vein that originates from the medial side of the dorsal venous arch?

    <p>Great saphenous vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vein drains into the femoral vein?

    <p>Great saphenous vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the deep plantar arch formed by?

    <p>The union of the lateral plantar artery and the dorsalis pedis artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the aperture in the fascia lata through which the great saphenous vein passes?

    <p>Saphenous opening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vein forms the common iliac vein with the internal iliac vein?

    <p>External iliac vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the vein that receives blood from the lower limb and passes under the inguinal ligament?

    <p>Femoral vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the vein that pierces through the diaphragm and enters the thoracic cavity?

    <p>Inferior vena cava</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chamber of the heart does the inferior vena cava drain into?

    <p>Right atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Vascular Structures of the Lower Limb

    • Arteries:
      • Main artery: Aorta
      • Aorta arches to the left side (Arch of aorta)
      • Arch of aorta has 3 branches:
        • Brachiocephalic trunk
        • Left common carotid artery
        • Left subclavian artery
      • Descending aorta has 2 parts:
        • Thoracic aorta (located left to the vertebral bodies, supplies thoracic wall and cavity)
        • Abdominal aorta
      • Abdominal aorta divides into common iliac arteries
      • Common iliac artery divides into:
        • Internal iliac artery
        • External iliac artery
    • Superior and Inferior Gluteal Arteries:
      • Originate from the internal iliac artery
      • Leave the pelvic cavity through the suprapiriform and infrapiriform foramina, respectively
      • Accompanied by the corresponding nerves (sup. and inf. gluteal n.)
    • Obturator Artery:
      • Originates from the internal iliac artery
      • Enters through the obturator canal
      • Bifurcates into anterior and posterior branches
      • Supplies the medial side of the thigh
    • Femoral Artery:
      • Continues from the external iliac artery
      • Passes under the inguinal ligament
      • Divides into:
        • Femoral artery (in the femoral triangle)
        • Profunda femoris artery (deep artery of the thigh)
      • Four small branches originate from the femoral artery in the femoral triangle:
        • Superficial epigastric artery
        • Superficial circumflex iliac artery
        • Superficial external pudendal artery
        • Deep external pudendal artery
      • Supplies the skin of the upper thigh, lower abdomen, and perineum
    • Femoral Sheath:
      • Compartments:
        • Lateral (contains femoral artery and femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve)
        • Intermediate (contains femoral vein)
        • Medial (femoral canal, contains lymphatic vessels)
      • Pulse of the femoral artery is easily felt in the femoral triangle
    • Deep Artery of the Thigh (Profunda Femoris Artery):
      • Largest branch of the femoral artery
      • Major blood supply to the thigh
      • Has several branches:
        • Lateral circumflex femoral artery
        • Medial circumflex femoral artery
        • Three perforating branches
    • Popliteal Artery:
      • Continues from the femoral artery in the adductor canal
      • Passes through the popliteal fossa
      • Divides into:
        • Anterior tibial artery
        • Posterior tibial artery
      • Gives several branches to supply the knee joint
        • Superior medial genicular artery
        • Inferior medial genicular artery
        • Superior lateral genicular artery
        • Inferior lateral genicular artery
    • Veins of the Lower Limb:
      • Deep veins follow the arteries and have similar names
      • Superficial veins are in the superficial fascia and interconnect with deep veins
      • Great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein originate from the dorsal venous arch on the foot
      • Great saphenous vein drains into the femoral vein
      • Small saphenous vein drains into the popliteal vein
      • Femoral vein drains into the external iliac vein
      • External iliac vein joins the internal iliac vein to form the common iliac vein
      • Right and left common iliac veins join together to form the inferior vena cava
      • Inferior vena cava drains into the right atrium of the heart

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    Vasculature of the Lower Limb ES 2024 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the anatomy of the lower limb's vasculature, including the main arteries and their branches. Learn about the aorta, arch of aorta, and descending aorta.

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