Vascular Events and Tissue Injury Response

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Questions and Answers

Which component of the microcirculation is mainly affected by the progressive vasodilatation following injury?

Capillaries

Vascular flow

Venules

Arterioles (correct)

What is the earliest response to tissue injury in the microvasculature?

Changes in vascular permeability

Persistent progressive vasodilatation

Elevation of local hydrostatic pressure

Vasoconstriction of arterioles (correct)

What results in increased blood volume in the microvascular bed of the area, leading to redness and warmth at the site of acute inflammation?

Elevation of local hydrostatic pressure

Transient vasoconstriction of arterioles

Vascular permeability changes

Progressive vasodilatation (correct)

What may result from the progressive vasodilatation elevating the local hydrostatic pressure?

Transudation of fluid into the extracellular space Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for swelling at the local site of acute inflammation?

Vascular permeability changes Signup and view all the answers

Which type of injury leads to a longer duration of vasoconstriction of arterioles?

Severe form of injury Signup and view all the answers

What is the bright reddish appearance or flush surrounding the red line known as in the Lewis experiment?

Flare Signup and view all the answers

What is the swelling or oedema of the surrounding skin called in the Lewis experiment?

Wheal Signup and view all the answers

What causes the red line to appear in the Lewis experiment?

Local vasodilatation of capillaries and venules Signup and view all the answers

What is the process known as when leucocytes stick to the vascular endothelium briefly, and then move and migrate through the gaps between the endothelial cells into the extravascular space?

Emigration Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for the increased concentration of red cells, leading to raised blood viscosity?

Slowing or stasis of microcirculation Signup and view all the answers

Which forces cause outward movement of fluid from microcirculation according to Starling's hypothesis?

Intravascular hydrostatic pressure and colloid osmotic pressure of interstitial fluid Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic inflammatory oedema called that appears due to increased vascular permeability of microvascular bed?

Exudate Signup and view all the answers

What causes the appearance of inflammatory oedema in and around the inflamed tissue?

Vasodilatation and consequent elevation in hydrostatic pressure Signup and view all the answers

What do forces that cause inward movement of interstitial fluid into circulation include, according to Starling's hypothesis?

Intravascular colloid osmotic pressure and hydrostatic pressure of interstitial fluid Signup and view all the answers

What elicits the classical signs of inflammation such as redness, heat, swelling, and pain?

The bright reddish appearance surrounding the red line Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Microcirculation and Inflammation

Progressive vasodilatation mainly affects arterioles in the microcirculation following injury.
The earliest response to tissue injury in the microvasculature is the immediate vasoconstriction of arterioles to minimize blood loss.
Increased blood volume in the microvascular bed results from vasodilatation, leading to redness and warmth at the site of acute inflammation.
Progressive vasodilatation elevates local hydrostatic pressure, which can potentially lead to enhanced tissue swelling and edema.
Swelling at the local site of acute inflammation is primarily caused by an increase in vascular permeability and fluid accumulation.
Severe injury can lead to a longer duration of vasoconstriction in arterioles due to prolonged sympathetic stimulation.
The bright reddish appearance around the red line in the Lewis experiment is referred to as flushing or hyperemia.
Swelling or edema of the surrounding skin in the Lewis experiment is termed inflammatory edema.
The red line appearing in the Lewis experiment is caused by localized vasodilatation and increased blood flow following injury.
The process when leukocytes stick to the vascular endothelium and migrate through endothelial gaps into the extravascular space is known as diapedesis.
The increased concentration of red blood cells in the microcirculation leads to raised blood viscosity due to both stagnation and reduced plasma volume.
Starling's hypothesis states that outward movement of fluid from the microcirculation is caused by capillary hydrostatic pressure and osmotic forces.
Characteristic inflammatory edema resulting from increased vascular permeability is typically called exudate.
Inflammatory edema around the inflamed tissue is caused by increased fluid leakage from the microvasculature and high protein content in the interstitial fluid.
Forces causing inward movement of interstitial fluid into circulation include osmotic pressure due to plasma proteins and lowered hydrostatic pressure within the capillaries.
Classical signs of inflammation such as redness, heat, swelling, and pain are elicited by the combined effects of vasodilatation, increased permeability, and migration of inflammatory cells.

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Description

Explore the alterations in microvasculature in response to tissue injury, including haemodynamic changes and vascular permeability. Understand the sequence of changes in small blood vessels during the inflammatory response.