Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
What are the learning objectives for vascular disease?
The learning objectives for vascular disease are to classify vascular diseases, describe the characteristics of atheroma and its complications, define, classify and describe the types of aneurysm, define varicose veins, define vasculitis, and classify vascular tumors.
What is atheroma?
Atheroma is another name for atherosclerosis, which is a vascular disease that affects large and medium-sized elastic and muscular arteries.
What are the risk factors for atherosclerosis?
The risk factors for atherosclerosis include age, sex, hypertension, hyperlipidemia (particularly LDL), diabetes, smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and low socio-economic status.
What are the characteristics of atheromatous plaque?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the age-related vascular changes?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the complications of atherosclerosis?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the types of aneurysms?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the clinical consequences of atherosclerotic aneurysms?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the clinical symptoms of dissecting aortic aneurysms?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the risk factors for varicose veins?
Signup and view all the answers
Explain how force is produced in cardiac muscle and how it differs from skeletal muscle.
Signup and view all the answers
How can the force produced in cardiac muscle be influenced by extrinsic sympathetic nerves?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the timings of the electrical activity of the heart and how do they relate to the mechanical events of the cardiac cycle?
Signup and view all the answers
How do cardiac volume/pressure diagrams differ between the left and right sides of the heart?
Signup and view all the answers
What is excitation/contraction coupling in cardiac muscle?
Signup and view all the answers
How does the refractory period in cardiac muscle affect its contractility?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the events of the cardiac cycle?
Signup and view all the answers
How does the activation of L-type dihydropyridine channels in cardiac muscle contribute to contraction?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of intercalated discs in cardiac muscle?
Signup and view all the answers
How does the sequestration of calcium ions by mucopolysaccharides in cardiac T-tubules affect muscle contraction?
Signup and view all the answers