Varicose Veins Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for varicose veins?

  • Raised intra-abdominal pressure
  • Chronic venous insufficiency (correct)
  • Occupation that demands prolonged standing
  • Heredity

    • What is the prevalence of severe varicose veins?

  • Ulcer
  • 35%
  • 10% (correct)
  • 8%

    • What is the main cause of varicose veins?

  • High heels
  • Faulty valves in the veins (correct)
  • Chronic constipation
  • Raised progesterone level

    • Which classification system is used to classify lower limb varicose veins?

    <p>CEAP Classification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best independent predictor of skin changes in lower limb varicose veins?

    <p>Atrophic blanche</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anatomical distribution of varicose veins in the superficial system?

    <p>Great saphenous vein above the knee</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are thread veins also known as?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of reticular varices?

    <p>They are slightly larger varices than thread veins located in the subcutaneous region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of small saphenous vein varicosity?

    <p>They are small varices in the skin usually around the ankle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for varicose veins?

    <p>Regular exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prevalence of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI)?

    <p>8%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of varicose veins?

    <p>Faulty valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for varicose veins?

    <p>Low estrogen levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prevalence of severe varicose veins?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of varicose veins?

    <p>Genetic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a theory for the pathogenesis of chronic venous ulceration?

    <p>White cell trapping theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can weaken the venous endothelial wall and valves?

    <p>Raised venous wall tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What maintains the venous system in the lower limb?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI)?

    <p>Varicose veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prevalence of varicose veins in the population?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the predisposing factors for varicose veins?

    <p>Age, sex, race, obesity, height, family history, erect posture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common site for varicosities to occur?

    <p>Lower limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prevalence of varicose veins in the population?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of blood in the circulation is in veins at a given point of time?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of varicose veins?

    <p>Itching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of pain and cramps in varicose veins?

    <p>Hypoxia of tunica media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gender is more commonly affected by varicose veins?

    <p>Females</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which veins in the leg make up the deep venous system?

    <p>Femoral and popliteal veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of primary varicose veins?

    <p>Weak valve or wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is positive in primary varicose veins?

    <p>Trendelenburg test-I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of varicose veins is acquired and affects saphenous, perforator, and often deep veins?

    <p>Secondary varicose veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common site for varicosities to occur?

    <p>Lower limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prevalence of varicose veins in the population?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of blood in the circulation is in veins at a given point of time?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of primary varicose veins?

    <p>They are often familial.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of secondary varicose veins?

    <p>Occupational standing for long hours.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of varicose veins?

    <p>Cramps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prevalence of varicose veins in the adult population?

    <p>5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging technique is highly reliable for assessing venous duplex scan?

    <p>Ultrasound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of venous haemodynamic mapping (VHM)?

    <p>To identify superficial vein incompetence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using digitally coded free flow (B flow) ultrasound?

    <p>It allows visualization of flowing blood and surrounding structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of varicography?

    <p>To map the varicose veins anatomically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of varicose veins?

    <p>Heaviness in the legs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe scarring and thickening of dermal and subdermal tissues in varicose veins?

    <p>Lipo-dermatosclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test can be used to find the site of incompetent perforator in varicose veins?

    <p>Three tourniquet test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential complication of varicose veins?

    <p>Recurrent thrombophlebitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a method used to measure ambulatory venous pressure (AVP)?

    <p>Arm-to-foot venous pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used to improve lymph flow and reduce edema in varicose veins?

    <p>Calcium dobesilate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of elastic crepe bandage application or pressure stockings in varicose vein treatment?

    <p>To reduce ambulatory venous pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of ascending venography in the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

    <p>To determine the extent of block in deep veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common site for varicosities to occur?

    <p>Lower limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of blood in the circulation is in veins at a given point of time?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prevalence of varicose veins in the population?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of primary varicose veins?

    <p>Congenital incompetence or absence of valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for varicose veins?

    <p>High blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe scarring and thickening of dermal and subdermal tissues in varicose veins?

    <p>Lipodermatosclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gender is more commonly affected by varicose veins?

    <p>Females</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging technique is used to assess venous duplex scan?

    <p>Ultrasound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of venous haemodynamic mapping (VHM)?

    <p>To identify the site of incompetent perforator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most commonly used sclerosant in sclerotherapy?

    <p>Sodium tetradecyl sulphate (STDS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential complication of sclerotherapy?

    <p>Extravasation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test can be used to measure volume changes in the leg?

    <p>Plethysmography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of primary varicose veins?

    <p>Genetic predisposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended duration for wearing a compression bandage after sclerotherapy?

    <p>6 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique involves injecting a foam sclerosant into the superficial vein to minimize thrombosis?

    <p>Foam sclerotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a method used to measure ambulatory venous pressure (AVP)?

    <p>Pneumatic compression method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used to improve lymph flow and reduce edema in varicose veins?

    <p>Calcium dobesilate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of venous haemodynamic mapping (VHM)?

    <p>To assess the venous system in the lower limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of primary varicose veins?

    <p>Genetic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of varicose veins?

    <p>Pale atrophic skin with white patches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a cause of pain/cramps in varicose veins?

    <p>Hyperviscosity of red cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test can be used to find the site of incompetent perforator in varicose veins?

    <p>Pratt's test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential complication of varicose veins?

    <p>Venous haemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vein is stripped from ankle to knee level in the treatment of varicose veins?

    <p>Short saphenous vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common reason for recurrences in varicose veins after stripping?

    <p>Progression of the disease itself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of stripping the long saphenous vein?

    <p>Saphenous neuralgia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of stripping is associated with less damage to adjacent tissue?

    <p>Inversion technique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of immediate application of crepe bandage after vein stripping?

    <p>To minimize hematoma formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vein is commonly stripped from ankle to knee level to avoid recurrence?

    <p>Short saphenous vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of vein stripping?

    <p>Saphenous neuralgia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a drawback of laser therapy for varicose veins?

    <p>Inability to create flush occlusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common serious complication of varicose vein surgeries?

    <p>Nerve injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of recurrence of varicose veins?

    <p>Angiogenesis and revascularization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common complication of endovenous glue injection for varicose veins?

    <p>Infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is recommended for inverting or invaginating stripping of varicose veins?

    <p>Oesch pin stripper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method involves avulsion of varicose veins using mosquito forceps or avulsion hooks?

    <p>Trivex method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method involves the use of a laser to ablate the long/short saphenous vein?

    <p>Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method involves the use of a resector and illuminator to extract veins by suction and morcellation?

    <p>Trivex method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme converts glucose to sorbitol in diabetic neuropathy?

    <p>Aldose reductase enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common site for diabetic ulcers?

    <p>Foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of diabetic ulcers?

    <p>Increased glucose in the tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of diabetic neuropathy in the foot?

    <p>Loss of joint position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to deep seated trophic ulcers in diabetics?

    <p>High tissue glucose level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication of diabetes that increases the chances of sepsis?

    <p>Reduced granulocyte mobilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme converts glucose to sorbitol in diabetic neuropathy?

    <p>Aldose reductase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common site for diabetic ulcer?

    <p>Foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of diabetic ulcers?

    <p>Neuropathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of diabetic neuropathy in the foot?

    <p>Loss of joint position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of diabetic ulcers in the foot?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can increase the chances of sepsis in diabetics with foot ulcers?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Risk Factors for Varicose Veins

    • Age is a risk factor for varicose veins
    • Family history is a risk factor for varicose veins
    • Pregnancy is a risk factor for varicose veins
    • Obesity is a risk factor for varicose veins
    • Prolonged standing or sitting is a risk factor for varicose veins
    • Hormonal influences are a risk factor for varicose veins
    • Lack of exercise is a risk factor for varicose veins
    • Previous surgery or trauma is a risk factor for varicose veins
    • Not being pregnant or having a family history of heart disease is NOT a risk factor for varicose veins

    Prevalence of Varicose Veins

    • The prevalence of varicose veins in the population is around 20-30%
    • The prevalence of severe varicose veins is around 5-10%
    • The prevalence of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is around 10-20%

    Classification of Varicose Veins

    • The CEAP classification system is used to classify lower limb varicose veins
    • Thread veins are also known as telangiectasias
    • Reticular varices are a type of varicose vein characterized by a network of blue-green veins
    • Small saphenous vein varicosity is a type of varicose vein that occurs in the small saphenous vein

    Anatomical Distribution of Varicose Veins

    • Varicose veins in the superficial system are most commonly found in the great saphenous vein, short saphenous vein, and their tributaries

    Pathogenesis of Varicose Veins

    • Weakened venous endothelial wall and valves can lead to varicose veins
    • The venous system in the lower limb is maintained by the calf muscle pump, which can be weakened by prolonged standing or sitting

    Symptoms of Varicose Veins

    • Pain, cramps, and heaviness are common symptoms of varicose veins
    • Women are more commonly affected by varicose veins
    • The deep venous system in the leg includes the femoral vein, popliteal vein, and tibial veins

    Diagnosis of Varicose Veins

    • Venous duplex scan is a reliable imaging technique for assessing varicose veins
    • Venous haemodynamic mapping (VHM) is used to assess the haemodynamic effects of varicose veins
    • Digitally coded free flow (B flow) ultrasound is an advantage in assessing varicose veins
    • Varicography is used to assess the superficial venous system

    Treatment of Varicose Veins

    • Elastic crepe bandage application or pressure stockings can be used to treat varicose veins
    • Ascending venography is used to diagnose deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
    • Dihydroergotamine is a drug used to improve lymph flow and reduce edema in varicose veins
    • Sclerotherapy is a treatment for varicose veins that involves injecting a foam sclerosant into the superficial vein
    • The recommended duration for wearing a compression bandage after sclerotherapy is 2-3 weeks
    • Foam sclerotherapy can be used to minimize thrombosis

    Complications of Varicose Veins

    • Skin changes, ulceration, and bleeding are potential complications of varicose veins
    • Stasis dermatitis is a term used to describe scarring and thickening of dermal and subdermal tissues in varicose veins
    • Phlebography can be used to find the site of incompetent perforator in varicose veins
    • Venous haemodynamic mapping (VHM) can be used to measure ambulatory venous pressure (AVP)

    Diabetic Ulcers

    • The most common site for diabetic ulcers is the foot
    • The main cause of diabetic ulcers is diabetic neuropathy
    • Diabetic neuropathy is a symptom of diabetic ulcers in the foot
    • Deep seated trophic ulcers can occur in diabetics due to diabetic neuropathy
    • Diabetic foot ulcers can lead to sepsis
    • Aldose reductase is an enzyme that converts glucose to sorbitol in diabetic neuropathy

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on varicose veins and their risk factors in this informative quiz. Learn about the causes, symptoms, and preventive measures for this common vascular condition.

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