Varicella-Zoster and Hand, Foot, Mouth Disease

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Questions and Answers

What is a recommended practice for maintaining good hygiene during an outbreak?

Use a tissue when sneezing or coughing (correct)

Avoid frequent handwashing

Engage in close physical contact

Share food and cutlery with others

Which of the following is NOT advised as a part of managing symptoms during an outbreak?

Consuming hot, spicy foods (correct)

Resting adequately

Utilizing cold compresses

Staying hydrated

What should be avoided to further prevent the spread of infection?

Hydrating frequently

Kissing (correct)

Resting at home

Using sunblock

Which of the following actions contributes to effective infection control?

Isolate from individuals with symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key suggestions for personal care during an outbreak?

Do not share hygiene products Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant complication of mumps in males if contracted after puberty?

Pain and swelling of testicles Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic symptom is associated with measles?

Koplik’s spots Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of swelling of the parotid glands in mumps?

1-2 weeks Signup and view all the answers

How is measles primarily transmitted?

Air droplets and surfaces Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential fatal complication associated with measles?

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis Signup and view all the answers

What proportion of females contracting mumps may experience swelling of the ovaries?

1 in 20 Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic rash associated with measles described as?

Eruptive rash all over the body Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a complication associated with mumps?

Stillbirth Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic presentation of Ramsay Hunt syndrome?

Vesicular rash on tympanic membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Hand, Foot & Mouth disease?

Severe respiratory distress Signup and view all the answers

What type of virus primarily causes Hand, Foot & Mouth disease?

Group A coxsackie virus Signup and view all the answers

How long can an individual remain contagious with Hand, Foot & Mouth disease?

Up to 8 weeks Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about Shingles is correct?

It may lead to unilateral facial palsy. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a typical complication of Shingles?

Dry mouth and loss of taste Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following transmission methods is NOT associated with Hand, Foot & Mouth disease?

Contaminated food Signup and view all the answers

In which population is Hand, Foot & Mouth disease primarily common?

School-aged children Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary condition caused by the Varicella-Zoster virus in children?

Chickenpox Signup and view all the answers

What symptoms are commonly associated with Varicella?

Fever and rash Signup and view all the answers

Which age group is more likely to experience serious effects from contracting Varicella?

Adults Signup and view all the answers

What is a common treatment recommendation for managing symptoms of Varicella?

Using anti-inflammatory medication Signup and view all the answers

How long is the incubation period for Varicella?

2 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the reactivation of the Varicella-Zoster virus leading to shingles?

Immunosuppressive drugs or trauma Signup and view all the answers

What type of lesion characterizes the rash in Varicella?

Painless papules that become vesicular Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant difference between the rashes of varicella and shingles?

Shingles rash typically appears in a localized manner Signup and view all the answers

Approximately how many bacteria are transferred during kissing?

80 million Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary activities that facilitates the transfer of bacteria?

Kissing Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following health topics is most likely associated with the transfer of bacteria?

Dental hygiene Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the role of saliva in bacterial transfer?

Saliva facilitates bacterial transfer. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about kissing is true?

Kissing transfers bacteria between mouths. Signup and view all the answers

In terms of bacterial transfer, what might kissing between two people lead to?

Exchange of unknown microorganisms Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consequence of kissing in relation to bacteria?

Increase in bacterial transmission Signup and view all the answers

What is the general public perception regarding the transfer of bacteria through kissing?

It is seen as a minor concern. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Varicella-Zoster Virus (Human Herpes Virus 3)

Causes chickenpox (primary infection) and shingles (reactivation).
Chickenpox is common in children, usually mild and self-limiting. More serious in adults.
Two-week incubation period.
Symptoms include fever and a vesicular, itchy rash (unlike the shingles rash).
Shingles is triggered by trauma or immunosuppression. It affects dorsal root ganglia and the trigeminal nerve.
Shingles presents unilaterally.
Ramsay Hunt syndrome is a rare complication involving shingles of the facial nerve, with a vesicular rash on the tympanic membrane and auditory canal, and unilateral facial palsy. Symptoms may include changes in taste, dry mouth, and hearing loss.

Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease

Primarily caused by Group A Coxsackie viruses.
Symptoms include malaise and spots on the buttocks and groin.
Highly transmissible via air, coughing, fecal contact, and contaminated objects.
Common in children and outbreaks occur in nurseries. Can last up to 8 weeks.

Mumps (Paramyxoviridae)

Usually a childhood illness causing painful parotitis (inflammation of the parotid glands).
If contracted after puberty: 1 in 4 males experience testicular swelling and pain; 1 in 20 females experience ovarian swelling.
Other potential complications: 1 in 20 experience temporary hearing loss, 1 in 1000 viral meningitis, and 1 in 20 acute pancreatitis.
Most contagious before symptom onset. Swelling of parotid glands lasts 1-2 weeks.

Measles (Measles morbillivirus)

Highly infectious disease spread through air droplets and surfaces.
Characteristic exanthematous rash and Koplik's spots in the mouth.
Associated symptoms include headache, fever, sore throat.
Serious complications include stillbirth/miscarriage (in pregnancy), vision loss, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (1 in 25,000), fits/seizures. Management involves eating cool soft foods, avoiding NSAIDs, cold compresses, sunblock, hydration, and rest.

General Management of Viral Infections

Staff protection and infection control measures are crucial.
Symptomatic management and referral as needed.

HIV

Refer to separate Sexually Transmitted Disease lecture.

Kissing and Bacterial Transfer

Approximately 80 million bacteria are transferred during a kiss.

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Description

This quiz covers the Varicella-Zoster virus, responsible for chickenpox and shingles, discussing symptoms, transmission, and complications like Ramsay Hunt syndrome. It also explores Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease caused by Group A Coxsackie viruses, highlighting its symptoms and modes of transmission, particularly in children.