Variables and Data Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which term refers to a characteristic that changes or has different values for different individuals?

  • Data set
  • Variable (correct)
  • Parameter
  • Statistic

    • What is the term for a collection of measurements or observations?

  • Datum
  • Data set (correct)
  • Variable
  • Statistic

    • Which term describes a value that usually describes a population?

  • Inferential statistics
  • Descriptive statistics
  • Parameter (correct)
  • Statistic

    • What type of statistics are used to study samples and make generalizations about the populations from which they were selected?

    <p>Inferential statistics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'sampling error' refer to in statistics?

    <p>The discrepancy between a sample statistic and the corresponding population parameter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statistical method is used to summarize, organize, and simplify data?

    <p>Descriptive statistics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the mean if a new score is introduced to the sample?

    <p>The mean will change, but the direction of change cannot be determined</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does multiplying each score by a constant affect the mean?

    <p>The mean is multiplied by that constant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario would the median be calculated as the average of the middle two scores?

    <p>When there are an even number of scores in the sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which measure of central tendency is influenced by extreme scores and can be misleading in such cases?

    <p>Mean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it indicate if mean - median > 0 in a distribution?

    <p>The distribution is positively skewed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is it possible for more than 50% of the scores in a distribution to have values above the median?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a perfectly symmetrical distribution with one mode, what relationship do all three measures of central tendency—mean, median, and mode—have?

    <p>They have the same value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it indicate if a distribution of scores shows mean = 31 and median = 43?

    <p>The distribution is negatively skewed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario would the precise median be located in the interval defined by the real limits of the value?

    <p>When dealing with continuous variables only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If more than one mode exists in a distribution, what kind of distribution may it be?

    <p>Bimodal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the mean if a constant is added to each score in a sample?

    <p>The mean increases by that constant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What measure of central tendency is appropriate for nominal scales and discrete variables?

    <p>Mode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it indicate if mean - median < 0 in a distribution?

    <p>The distribution is negatively skewed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of descriptive statistics in a research experiment?

    <p>To collect and organize data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of variable has an infinite number of possible values between any two observed values?

    <p>Continuous variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are real limits in the context of continuous variables?

    <p>Boundaries of intervals for scores represented on a continuous number line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of graph is suitable for showing differences in data?

    <p>Bar graph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct method for finding percentiles in a frequency distribution table?

    <p>Divide cumulative frequency by total number of scores and multiply by 100</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of measuring central tendency in statistics?

    <p>To determine the most typical or representative score</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating the mean in a population?

    <p>$\frac{\sum X}{N}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a symmetrical distribution, where is the value of the mean located?

    <p>Exactly between the highest and lowest score</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the cumulative percentage identify in a frequency distribution table?

    <p>The percentile rank for the upper real limit of the corresponding score or class interval</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a frequency distribution table, what does 'c%' stand for?

    <p>Cumulative percentage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the median represent in a distribution?

    <p>The 50th percentile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the overall mean calculated from two sets of scores?

    <p>Divide the combined sum by the total number of scores overall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of nursing home residents in Canada are estimated to have depressive symptoms?

    <p>44%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated range for major depression prevalence among nursing home residents according to Seitz et al. (2010)?

    <p>5-25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can depression rates in nursing homes be considered underestimated?

    <p>Undiagnosed and untreated cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge to maintaining the quality of life for residents and a positive working environment for staff?

    <p>Wandering by cognitively impaired residents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which health condition shows an increase in prevalence among long-term care residents between 2011–2012 and 2017–2018?

    <p>Depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the population aged 85 and older living in nursing homes increased from 85 to 89 to centenarians?

    <p>17.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage range of nursing home residents is estimated to have mood and anxiety disorders?

    <p>14-82%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might the rates of major depressive disorder among nursing home residents vary widely?

    <p>Differences in diagnostic criteria used</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Grignon and Spencer, what percentage of total health care spending in Canada is accounted for by long term care?

    <p>12-16%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much will the projected costs of public care in nursing homes and private homes triple between 2019 and 2050 according to MacDonald et al.?

    <p>$71 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if depression in nursing homes remains undiagnosed and untreated?

    <p>Underestimation of actual depression rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate range of home care accounting for long term care expenditures in Canada according to Grignon and Spencer?

    <p>10-30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of residences showed a decrease in the proportion of people aged 85 and older living there?

    <p>Seniors’ residences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What portion of the population aged 85 and older lived in collective dwellings in Canada?

    <p>$71 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the percentage point increase in the proportion of people aged 85 and older living in nursing homes from centenarians compared to those aged 85-89?

    <p>15.2%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Grignon and Spencer suggest is only part of the picture regarding long term care expenditure?

    <p>Home care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is there a significant workforce shortage of Personal Support Workers (PSWs)?

    <p>Limited opportunities for career advancement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of total home care hours are expected to be provided by unpaid caregivers by 2050?

    <p>43%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'linchpin' mean in the context of the health care system?

    <p>A key support element</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the population aging impact the demand for PSWs?

    <p>Increases the demand for PSWs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary issue facing many countries, including Canada, regarding PSWs?

    <p>Workforce shortage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What proportion of Canadians aged 15 and older provide care to family members or friends with health conditions?

    <p>One-quarter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it mentioned that PSWs work long hours with increasingly complex home care clients?

    <p>Because of the lack of specialized training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected growth percentage of unpaid caregiver hours by 2050?

    <p>+43%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common behavioral issue faced in nursing homes according to the text?

    <p>Hoarding personal possessions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of nursing home residents in Canada are estimated to have depressive symptoms?

    <p>44%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of mood and anxiety disorders on nursing home residents?

    <p>Higher prevalence of depressive symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is addressing the behavioral problems of nursing home residents considered challenging?

    <p>Invasive privacy violations and possession taking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the graph in the text indicate about the prevalence of selected health conditions among long-term care residents?

    <p>Increase between 2011–2012 and 2017–2018</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge related to maintaining quality of life for nursing home residents and a positive working environment for staff?

    <p>Addressing behavioral problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the data regarding depressive symptoms in nursing home residents primarily reflect?

    <p>Symptoms of depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it noted that the data do not address how many residents meet criteria for major depressive disorder?

    <p>'Major depressive disorder' is more serious than depressive symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the competence-press model predict regarding the adjustment of institutionalized persons?

    <p>The adjustment is optimal when competence matches the demands of the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the competence-press model, what characterizes an environment high in press?

    <p>High stimulation and high expectations for residents to be active</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the boundary in the competence-press model represent?

    <p>The zone of maximum comfort and performance potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What behavior is likely to occur as individuals move towards the edges of the competence-press model?

    <p>Negative affect and maladaptive behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of a highly competent resident in the competence-press model?

    <p>Ease in mobility, cognitive intactness, and relative freedom from depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would likely happen to adaptation as individuals move away from the middle zone in the competence-press model?

    <p>Adaptation will decrease as they move towards the middle zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does stimulation play in determining press within an institutional environment?

    <p>Lower stimulation results in higher press levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What outcomes are associated with individuals expressing maladaptive behavior according to the discussed model?

    <p>Negative affect and aggression towards staff</p> Signup and view all the answers

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