VANA 2200 – Gross Veterinary Anatomy

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Questions and Answers

What is the origin of a muscle as defined in the content?

The less movable attachment of the muscle (correct)

The more distal attachment of the muscle

The thick fleshy central part of the muscle tissue

The dense connective tissue connecting muscle to bone

Which type of attachment connects a spindle-shaped or pennate muscle to bone?

Fleshy attachment

Aponeurotic attachment

Intrinsic attachment

Tendinous attachment (correct)

What is a characteristic of an intrinsic muscle?

Originates outside of the region it acts upon

Always connects to multiple regions of the body

Can only have tendinous attachments

Has its origin and insertion completely within one body region (correct)

What is the function of the muscle belly?

To provide the thick fleshy central part of muscle tissue Signup and view all the answers

What describes an aponeurotic attachment?

A flat, tendinous sheet associated with flat muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle acts primarily as a strong flexor of the shoulder joint?

Teres major Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the deltoideus muscle at the shoulder joint?

Abduction and flexion Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'abductor' refer to in muscle action?

Muscle that moves a part away from the midline Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is incorrectly described as a shoulder flexor?

Coracobrachialis Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle stabilizes the shoulder on the medial side?

Subscapularis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscle names would be used to describe a muscle that raises or elevates a part?

Levator Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the pectoral muscles is true?

Are superficial and deep and primarily function as adductors Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'transverse' indicate about a muscle's alignment?

Muscle runs crosswise Signup and view all the answers

What is a function of the latissimus dorsi muscle?

Caudal pull of the thoracic limb Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscle names signifies that it has two divisions?

Biceps Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'rhomboideus' refer to in terms of muscle shape?

Muscles that are diamond-shaped Signup and view all the answers

How do the extensors of the elbow joint compare to the flexors in quadrupeds?

They are stronger due to weight support Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical position of teres minor relative to infraspinatus?

Distal to infraspinatus Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle action does 'pronator' refer to?

Muscle that rotates the palmar or plantar surface downward Signup and view all the answers

Which term would describe a muscle located above the pelvic axis?

Epaxial Signup and view all the answers

What does 'gastrocnemius' suggest about the shape of this muscle?

Muscle resembles the shape of a stomach Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle name indicates that the muscle is not paired?

Azygous Signup and view all the answers

What action does an 'extensor' perform?

Muscle that straightens a limb Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the masseter muscle?

Closing the jaw Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is the only one responsible for opening the jaw?

Digastricus Signup and view all the answers

What innervates most of the muscles of mastication?

Trigeminal nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle aids in the side-to-side movement of the jaw?

Lateral pterygoid Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for the upward movement of the upper lip?

Levator nasolabialis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the buccinator muscle?

Drawing the cheek inward against the teeth Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle lies deep to the platysma and helps form the shape of the mouth?

Orbicularis oris Signup and view all the answers

Identify the muscle that is described as a well-developed sheet that draws the angle of the mouth caudally.

Platysma Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is considered the strongest of the pelvic girdle?

Iliopsoas Signup and view all the answers

Which group of muscles serves as the chief extensors of the hip?

Hamstring muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the superficial gluteal muscle?

Abduction of the hip Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle crosses the medial surface of the thigh and connects the tuber coxae to the tibia?

Sartorius Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the tensor fasciae latae muscle?

Hip abduction Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is considered considerably weak in domestic animals?

Superficial gluteal Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles collectively have a role in hip extension?

Hamstring muscles and middle gluteal Signup and view all the answers

What are the chief flexors of the hip?

Iliopsoas and sartorius Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Muscle Attachments

Origin: Less movable attachment; in limbs, it's the more proximal attachment.
Insertion: More movable attachment; in limbs, it's the more distal attachment.
Belly: Thick, fleshy central part of muscle tissue.
Fleshy Attachment: Direct connection of muscles to bone.
Tendinous Attachment: Dense connective tissue connecting muscle to bone.
Aponeurotic Attachment: Flat tendinous sheet, typically associated with flat muscles.

Muscle Classification

Intrinsic Muscles: Located within a specific body region, acting solely on bones in that region.
Extrinsic Muscles: Span a region, influencing the position of different anatomical areas.

Muscle Names Based on Function

Muscles Movements:
- Abductor: Moves a part away from the midline.
- Adductor: Moves a part towards the midline.
- Flexor: Bends a limb at the joint, decreasing joint angle.
- Extensor: Straightens a limb, increasing joint angle.
- Rotator: Turns a body part on its axis.
- Supinator: Rotates palmar or plantar surface upward.
- Pronator: Rotates palmar or plantar surface downward.
- Levator: Raises or elevates a part.
- Depressor: Lowers or depresses a part.

Muscle Names Based on Location

Names identify specific muscles based on their anatomical location, e.g., Pectoral (chest) or Infraspinatus (beneath the scapula).

Muscle Names Based on Direction

Rectus: Aligned with body’s vertical axis.
Oblique: Slanted outward from midline.
Transverse: Crosswise.
Sphincter: Ring-like structure that constricts openings.

Muscle Names Based on Number of Parts

Biceps: Two divisions.
Triceps: Three divisions.
Quadriceps: Four divisions.

Muscle Names Based on Size

Minimus/Minor: Small.
Maximus/Major/Vastus: Large.
Latissimus: Broad.

Muscle Names Based on Shape

Deltoid: Trapezoidal like the Greek letter delta.
Rhomboideus: Diamond-shaped.
Serratus: Saw-toothed appearance.

Muscles of Mastication

Function: Aid in jaw movements for chewing; primarily elevating the mandible.
Innervation: Most are innervated by the trigeminal nerve.
Major Muscles:
- Masseter: Closes the jaw.
- Temporalis: Largest and strongest muscle for closure.
- Digastricus: Opens the jaw (assisted by gravity).

Muscles of Facial Expression

Typically thin and innervated by the facial nerve.
Key Muscles:
- Platysma: Draws mouth caudally.
- Buccinator: Draws cheeks against teeth.
- Levator Nasolabialis: Raises upper lip.

Flexors of the Shoulder

Infraspinatus: Stabilizes shoulder; may abduct and flex.
Teres Major: Strong flexor of the shoulder joint.
Latissimus Dorsi: Broadest back muscle; aids in shoulder flexion.

Adductors of the Shoulders

Pectoral Muscles: Strong adductors of the forelimb; consist of superficial and deep categories.
Coracobrachialis: Extensor of the shoulder joint despite its position suggesting flexion.

Muscles Acting on the Elbow

Muscles function either as flexors or extensors.
In quadrupeds, extensors are generally stronger due to weight-bearing function.

Muscles of the Pelvic Limb

Hip Joint Extensors:
- Hamstring Muscles: Chief extensors; include biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus.
- Middle Gluteal: Strong hip extensor.

Flexors and Abductors of the Hip

Iliopsoas: Strongest pelvic girdle muscle.
Sartorius: Strap-like muscle aiding in hip movement.
Abductors: Include deep gluteal and tensor fasciae latae, with varying strength and attachment characteristics.

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Description

Test your knowledge of Gross Veterinary Anatomy based on the VANA 2200 course. This quiz covers essential concepts and details relevant to veterinary medicine. Perfect for students at Central Luzon State University or anyone interested in veterinary science.