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Questions and Answers
What is the origin of a muscle as defined in the content?
What is the origin of a muscle as defined in the content?
- The less movable attachment of the muscle (correct)
- The more distal attachment of the muscle
- The thick fleshy central part of the muscle tissue
- The dense connective tissue connecting muscle to bone
Which type of attachment connects a spindle-shaped or pennate muscle to bone?
Which type of attachment connects a spindle-shaped or pennate muscle to bone?
- Fleshy attachment
- Aponeurotic attachment
- Intrinsic attachment
- Tendinous attachment (correct)
What is a characteristic of an intrinsic muscle?
What is a characteristic of an intrinsic muscle?
- Originates outside of the region it acts upon
- Always connects to multiple regions of the body
- Can only have tendinous attachments
- Has its origin and insertion completely within one body region (correct)
What is the function of the muscle belly?
What is the function of the muscle belly?
What describes an aponeurotic attachment?
What describes an aponeurotic attachment?
Which muscle acts primarily as a strong flexor of the shoulder joint?
Which muscle acts primarily as a strong flexor of the shoulder joint?
What is the primary function of the deltoideus muscle at the shoulder joint?
What is the primary function of the deltoideus muscle at the shoulder joint?
What does the term 'abductor' refer to in muscle action?
What does the term 'abductor' refer to in muscle action?
Which muscle is incorrectly described as a shoulder flexor?
Which muscle is incorrectly described as a shoulder flexor?
Which muscle stabilizes the shoulder on the medial side?
Which muscle stabilizes the shoulder on the medial side?
Which of the following muscle names would be used to describe a muscle that raises or elevates a part?
Which of the following muscle names would be used to describe a muscle that raises or elevates a part?
Which statement about the pectoral muscles is true?
Which statement about the pectoral muscles is true?
What does the term 'transverse' indicate about a muscle's alignment?
What does the term 'transverse' indicate about a muscle's alignment?
What is a function of the latissimus dorsi muscle?
What is a function of the latissimus dorsi muscle?
Which of the following muscle names signifies that it has two divisions?
Which of the following muscle names signifies that it has two divisions?
What does the term 'rhomboideus' refer to in terms of muscle shape?
What does the term 'rhomboideus' refer to in terms of muscle shape?
How do the extensors of the elbow joint compare to the flexors in quadrupeds?
How do the extensors of the elbow joint compare to the flexors in quadrupeds?
What is the anatomical position of teres minor relative to infraspinatus?
What is the anatomical position of teres minor relative to infraspinatus?
What type of muscle action does 'pronator' refer to?
What type of muscle action does 'pronator' refer to?
Which term would describe a muscle located above the pelvic axis?
Which term would describe a muscle located above the pelvic axis?
What does 'gastrocnemius' suggest about the shape of this muscle?
What does 'gastrocnemius' suggest about the shape of this muscle?
Which muscle name indicates that the muscle is not paired?
Which muscle name indicates that the muscle is not paired?
What action does an 'extensor' perform?
What action does an 'extensor' perform?
What is the primary function of the masseter muscle?
What is the primary function of the masseter muscle?
Which muscle is the only one responsible for opening the jaw?
Which muscle is the only one responsible for opening the jaw?
What innervates most of the muscles of mastication?
What innervates most of the muscles of mastication?
Which muscle aids in the side-to-side movement of the jaw?
Which muscle aids in the side-to-side movement of the jaw?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for the upward movement of the upper lip?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for the upward movement of the upper lip?
What is the main role of the buccinator muscle?
What is the main role of the buccinator muscle?
Which muscle lies deep to the platysma and helps form the shape of the mouth?
Which muscle lies deep to the platysma and helps form the shape of the mouth?
Identify the muscle that is described as a well-developed sheet that draws the angle of the mouth caudally.
Identify the muscle that is described as a well-developed sheet that draws the angle of the mouth caudally.
Which muscle is considered the strongest of the pelvic girdle?
Which muscle is considered the strongest of the pelvic girdle?
Which group of muscles serves as the chief extensors of the hip?
Which group of muscles serves as the chief extensors of the hip?
What is the function of the superficial gluteal muscle?
What is the function of the superficial gluteal muscle?
Which muscle crosses the medial surface of the thigh and connects the tuber coxae to the tibia?
Which muscle crosses the medial surface of the thigh and connects the tuber coxae to the tibia?
What is the primary role of the tensor fasciae latae muscle?
What is the primary role of the tensor fasciae latae muscle?
Which muscle is considered considerably weak in domestic animals?
Which muscle is considered considerably weak in domestic animals?
Which muscles collectively have a role in hip extension?
Which muscles collectively have a role in hip extension?
What are the chief flexors of the hip?
What are the chief flexors of the hip?
Study Notes
Muscle Attachments
- Origin: Less movable attachment; in limbs, it's the more proximal attachment.
- Insertion: More movable attachment; in limbs, it's the more distal attachment.
- Belly: Thick, fleshy central part of muscle tissue.
- Fleshy Attachment: Direct connection of muscles to bone.
- Tendinous Attachment: Dense connective tissue connecting muscle to bone.
- Aponeurotic Attachment: Flat tendinous sheet, typically associated with flat muscles.
Muscle Classification
- Intrinsic Muscles: Located within a specific body region, acting solely on bones in that region.
- Extrinsic Muscles: Span a region, influencing the position of different anatomical areas.
Muscle Names Based on Function
- Muscles Movements:
- Abductor: Moves a part away from the midline.
- Adductor: Moves a part towards the midline.
- Flexor: Bends a limb at the joint, decreasing joint angle.
- Extensor: Straightens a limb, increasing joint angle.
- Rotator: Turns a body part on its axis.
- Supinator: Rotates palmar or plantar surface upward.
- Pronator: Rotates palmar or plantar surface downward.
- Levator: Raises or elevates a part.
- Depressor: Lowers or depresses a part.
Muscle Names Based on Location
- Names identify specific muscles based on their anatomical location, e.g., Pectoral (chest) or Infraspinatus (beneath the scapula).
Muscle Names Based on Direction
- Rectus: Aligned with body’s vertical axis.
- Oblique: Slanted outward from midline.
- Transverse: Crosswise.
- Sphincter: Ring-like structure that constricts openings.
Muscle Names Based on Number of Parts
- Biceps: Two divisions.
- Triceps: Three divisions.
- Quadriceps: Four divisions.
Muscle Names Based on Size
- Minimus/Minor: Small.
- Maximus/Major/Vastus: Large.
- Latissimus: Broad.
Muscle Names Based on Shape
- Deltoid: Trapezoidal like the Greek letter delta.
- Rhomboideus: Diamond-shaped.
- Serratus: Saw-toothed appearance.
Muscles of Mastication
- Function: Aid in jaw movements for chewing; primarily elevating the mandible.
- Innervation: Most are innervated by the trigeminal nerve.
- Major Muscles:
- Masseter: Closes the jaw.
- Temporalis: Largest and strongest muscle for closure.
- Digastricus: Opens the jaw (assisted by gravity).
Muscles of Facial Expression
- Typically thin and innervated by the facial nerve.
- Key Muscles:
- Platysma: Draws mouth caudally.
- Buccinator: Draws cheeks against teeth.
- Levator Nasolabialis: Raises upper lip.
Flexors of the Shoulder
- Infraspinatus: Stabilizes shoulder; may abduct and flex.
- Teres Major: Strong flexor of the shoulder joint.
- Latissimus Dorsi: Broadest back muscle; aids in shoulder flexion.
Adductors of the Shoulders
- Pectoral Muscles: Strong adductors of the forelimb; consist of superficial and deep categories.
- Coracobrachialis: Extensor of the shoulder joint despite its position suggesting flexion.
Muscles Acting on the Elbow
- Muscles function either as flexors or extensors.
- In quadrupeds, extensors are generally stronger due to weight-bearing function.
Muscles of the Pelvic Limb
- Hip Joint Extensors:
- Hamstring Muscles: Chief extensors; include biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus.
- Middle Gluteal: Strong hip extensor.
Flexors and Abductors of the Hip
- Iliopsoas: Strongest pelvic girdle muscle.
- Sartorius: Strap-like muscle aiding in hip movement.
- Abductors: Include deep gluteal and tensor fasciae latae, with varying strength and attachment characteristics.
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Test your knowledge of Gross Veterinary Anatomy based on the VANA 2200 course. This quiz covers essential concepts and details relevant to veterinary medicine. Perfect for students at Central Luzon State University or anyone interested in veterinary science.
