Valve and Heart Disease Quiz

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What is the primary cause of Embolist?

Cancer
Inflammation (correct)
Brain surgery
Long distance travel

What is a common complication of Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT)?

Venous Ulcers
Varicose Veins
Chronic Venous Insufficiency
Pulmonary embolism (correct)

What is a key symptom of Chronic Venous Insufficiency?

Skin redness and swelling
Tissue necrosis
Dorsiflexion pain in the calf
Shiny and thin skin (correct)

What is the primary etiology of Varicose Veins?

Damaged venous valves (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why do Venous Ulcers lead to skin breakdown and necrosis?

High metabolic demand (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main clinical presentation of laryngitis?

High-pitched cough and hoarseness (D) Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates Venous Ulcers from Arterial Ulcers?

Dark red color (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of acute bronchitis?

Both viral and bacterial infections (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary pathological mechanism in pneumonia?

Adherence of pathogens to respiratory epithelium and stimulation of inflammatory response (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between latent and active tuberculosis (TB)?

Latent TB does not cause any symptoms, while active TB makes the person feel sick (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common risk factor for developing active tuberculosis?

Being immunocompromised (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main clinical presentation of tuberculosis (TB) disease?

Cough, hemoptysis, and fever (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of valve disease is characterized by valves that are stiff and do not open well?

Stenosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of heart disease is associated with ST elevation on an EKG due to complete thrombus occlusion?

STEMI (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between NSTEMI and STEMI?

EKG changes observed (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT affect the extent of damage in acute myocardial infarction?

Type of valve affected (A) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes unstable angina among the types of heart disease mentioned?

Squeezing pain in chest (C) Signup and view all the answers

In valve regurgitation, what happens due to improper valve closure?

Blood goes backwards (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the SA node?

It serves as the normal pacemaker of the heart (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the AV node in the conduction system?

It acts as a gatekeeper, regulating the flow of impulses to the ventricles (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Purkinje fibers?

They transmit electrical impulses deep into the ventricles (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of atrial fibrillation?

Chaotic electrical activity in the atria (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)?

They are early, wide beats originating from the ventricles (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern associated with ventricular fibrillation?

Lack of organized electrical activity in the ventricles, leading to no cardiac output (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of third-degree AV heart block?

Complete separation of electrical conduction between the atria and ventricles (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common symptom associated with dysrhythmias?

Shortness of breath (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of acute coronary syndrome?

Impaired blood flow to the heart muscle (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the T wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG)?

It represents the refractory period when cells return to a neutral state (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary etiology of a spontaneous pneumothorax?

Rupture of alveoli (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical clinical presentation of a pneumothorax?

Wheezing (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary etiology of asthma?

Combination of genes and environment (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of COPD?

Reversible bronchorestriction (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark sign of COPD?

Clubbing of fingers (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary etiology of pulmonary edema?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers