Values and Social Impact Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which value emphasizes the importance of having a powerful and influential position in society?

  • Power resources
  • Security, personal
  • Self-direction
  • Power, dominance (showing others you are special) (correct)

Which value is closely tied to the idea of adhering to rules and regulations, even if they may not be directly observed?

  • Universalism, tolerance
  • Benevolence, dependability
  • Tradition
  • Conformity, rules (correct)

Which value emphasizes a sense of personal safety and well-being, prioritising physical health and security?

  • Stimulation
  • Power, dominance (showing others you are special)
  • Security, personal (correct)
  • Self-direction

Which value emphasizes the importance of maintaining established traditions and customs, often associated with family or religion?

<p>Tradition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which value emphasizes the importance of taking on challenges and seeking new experiences?

<p>Stimulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which value is closely linked to the importance of building and maintaining strong, trustworthy relationships with others?

<p>Benevolence, dependability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which value advocates for the equal treatment and opportunities for all individuals, regardless of their background?

<p>Universalism, tolerance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which value suggests a desire to be in control of one's own life and make independent decisions about one's path?

<p>Self-direction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why perceived competence is crucial for performance goals?

<p>It provides students with the confidence to pursue challenging tasks and outperform others. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of extrinsic motivation?

<p>Driven by internal factors like personal interest. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do mastery goals differ from performance goals?

<p>Mastery goals focus on demonstrating competence, while performance goals focus on learning and improvement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does achievement orientation relate to performance goals?

<p>High achievement orientation makes individuals more likely to adopt performance goals as it aligns with the desire for success and recognition. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about mastery and performance goals is TRUE?

<p>They can be combined to create a more adaptive learning approach, promoting self-regulation and engagement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic performance goals?

<p>Intrinsic performance goals are driven by personal desire for competence, while extrinsic performance goals are driven by external rewards or consequences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Harackiewicz, under what conditions can performance goals be considered adaptive?

<p>When they are set at an achievable level, ensuring students experience success and avoid fear of failure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between perceived competence and performance goals?

<p>Perceived competence is a significant driver of performance goals, as it provides students with the confidence to achieve high standards. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drives motivation in learners according to the content?

<p>Inherent interest and relevance of activities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do learners in small scale societies demonstrate their learning?

<p>By sustaining attention on various observations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of assembly-line instruction?

<p>Highly structured lessons delivered by teachers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes intent participation?

<p>Children participating in activities at the prompt of adults (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of learning is emphasized in community-based learning?

<p>Direct engagement with tasks and exhibits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of assessment does assembly-line instruction primarily rely on?

<p>Quizzes and grades for measurable outcomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What misconception might students have about participation in learning tasks?

<p>Learners should wait for direct instructions before participating (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an outcome of successful learning in the context discussed?

<p>Demonstrated autonomy and initiative (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which field would the hypothesis about learning processes be most beneficial for understanding social behaviors?

<p>Politics - in understanding political beliefs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Professor A, how do children learn language most effectively?

<p>By actively listening and participating in conversations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a criticism of the 'factory' model of education presented by Professor A?

<p>It leads to superficial learning via memorization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Professor B argue is important in the education process?

<p>The systematic transfer of abstract knowledge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Professor A suggest as alternatives to traditional education practices?

<p>Simulations, educational games, and research projects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does Professor B believe the 'factory' model is still valuable?

<p>It facilitates a structured teaching process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What limitation does Professor B identify regarding practical experience in education?

<p>Real-life situations are hard to replicate in class (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of student learning does Professor A advocate for?

<p>Integration of theory with authentic problems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the TARGET framework?

<p>Reward (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what makes it difficult to sustain mastery-oriented environments in schools?

<p>Competing pressures such as standardized testing and external competition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the TARGET framework encourage teachers to recognize students?

<p>By focusing on student effort and improvement rather than comparison (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between performance-oriented and mastery-oriented tasks?

<p>Performance-oriented tasks focus on speed and efficiency, while mastery-oriented tasks emphasize understanding and depth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, why do students often adopt the behaviors and values of their environment even if they conflict with what the teacher says?

<p>Students rely on environmental cues to understand what is valued and rewarded. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key implication of the statement, "If the tasks is eg run as quickly as you can, people tend to figure out quickly whether they are good or bad at it. Also, people don’t really care about the solution, it’s just about showing that they can reach it."?

<p>Performance-oriented tasks can lead to superficial learning and a focus on competition. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the TARGET framework, what does "Authority" refer to?

<p>The authority of students to make learning decisions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did interventions aimed at improving mastery orientation in schools have limited success?

<p>External pressures and ingrained educational practices conflicted with mastery-oriented principles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between performance-approach and performance-avoidance goals?

<p>Performance-approach goals focus on achieving success, while performance-avoidance goals focus on avoiding failure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of performance-avoidance goals?

<p>Feeling responsible for failure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does 'academic self-handicapping' relate to performance-avoidance goals?

<p>Academic self-handicapping is a strategy used to maintain a positive self-image in the face of potential failure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a performance-avoidance goal?

<p>A student who wants to avoid failing a class. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key element that was missing in early analyses of achievement goal theory?

<p>The distinction between approach and avoidance motives within performance goals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main recommendation for future research in achievement goal theory?

<p>To adopt a more complex dynamic systems approach to understanding motivation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a contextual factor that influences achievement goals?

<p>Individual differences in motivation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the relationship between performance-avoidance goals and learning?

<p>Performance-avoidance goals are generally not associated with positive learning outcomes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is the TARGET framework?

The TARGET framework is a structured approach for educators to promote mastery-oriented learning environments by focusing on task design, student autonomy, recognition of effort, collaborative grouping, individual progress evaluations, and sufficient time for learning.

How does the TARGET framework approach task design for mastery?

The TARGET framework emphasizes designing tasks that prioritize deep learning and understanding rather than simply showing off performance. Activities should encourage exploration, problem-solving, and individual growth.

What is the role of 'authority' in the TARGET framework?

The TARGET framework encourages teachers to empower students with agency in their learning process. They should actively participate in decision making related to how they learn and what they want to learn about.

How does the TARGET framework address 'recognition' for student achievement?

The TARGET framework suggests that recognition in the classroom should focus on praising effort, improvement, and individual progress rather than comparing students to each other.

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What is the focus of 'grouping' in the TARGET framework?

The TARGET framework advocates for grouping strategies that promote teamwork and cooperation. Students learn from each other and share knowledge in a supportive, collaborative environment.

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How does the TARGET framework approach 'evaluation' for mastery learning?

The TARGET framework encourages using evaluations that assess individual progress and growth over time. The focus should be on how much learners have improved, not simply comparing them against each other.

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The TARGET framework makes 'time' a key element for mastery. Why?

The TARGET framework emphasizes allocating sufficient time for students to engage deeply with learning materials. Allowing ample time helps them process information, practice skills, and develop understanding.

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What are some of the challenges faced by the TARGET framework in real-world classrooms?

The TARGET framework, while theoretically sound, faces challenges due to ingrained educational practices and external pressures from standardized testing and competition. These factors often prioritize performance and comparison over individual learning and growth.

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Task Autonomy

The degree to which a student has control over task characteristics, such as deadlines, resources, and learning strategies.

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Task Authority

The source of authority for a task, whether it comes from the task creator or the student's interpretation.

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Performance Goal

Evaluation focused on achieving a specific goal, like a grade or performance, often driven by external factors.

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Mastery Goal

Evaluation focused on mastering new skills and knowledge, often driven by internal factors.

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Performance-Avoidance Goal

A performance goal focused on avoiding failure, often leading to negative outcomes.

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Performance-Approach Goal

A performance goal focused on achieving success, often leading to mixed or positive outcomes.

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Learning Goal

A goal that involves learning and growing, irrespective of external factors.

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Ability Grouping

Grouping students by ability level, raising potential concerns about inequality and lack of opportunity.

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Humility

A desire to be seen as humble, not seeking more than others.

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Public Image

The importance of protecting one's reputation and public image.

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Personal Security

The need to feel safe and secure, both physically and emotionally.

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Dependability

The value of trustworthiness and dependability in relationships.

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Risk Seeking

The drive to take risks and experience excitement in life.

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Power Dominance

The desire to have power and control over others.

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Self-Direction

The importance of planning and making independent decisions.

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Conformity, Rules

The value of following rules and behaving ethically, even when no one is watching.

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Intentional Participation Model

A learning approach that emphasizes active participation and real-world application, drawing inspiration from how children naturally acquire knowledge.

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Factory Model

A teaching model that relies on structured knowledge delivery and systematic transmission of information.

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Practical Application

The ability to apply knowledge in real-life situations, demonstrating understanding beyond rote memorization.

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Mastery Learning

A learning style that prioritizes mastering a skill or concept, driven by an internal desire to grow.

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Performance Learning

A learning style that prioritizes achieving a specific goal, often driven by external factors like grades or competition.

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Simulations as Real-World Learning Tools

Simulations, educational games, and research projects are used to provide real-world learning experiences, despite limitations.

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Intent Participation

Involves observing skilled adults and joining in tasks when ready, emphasizing hands-on learning and observation.

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Active Learners

Students actively learn by contributing to ongoing tasks, driven by the inherent interest and relevance of the activities.

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Assembly-Line Instruction

Emphasis on efficiency and measurable outcomes, using structured lessons and known-answer questions.

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Western Middle-Class Parent-Child Interactions

Parents often structure conversations to mimic school-like environments, emphasizing 'correct' answers and preparation for standardized tests.

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Community-Based Learning

Learning settings where students engage directly with tasks or exhibits, observing and interacting in real-time rather than through isolated lessons.

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Assessment: Evidence of Successful Learning

Recognizing personal growth and autonomy as evidence of learning, encouraging students to take initiative.

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Attention Span in Small-Scale Societies

Children in small-scale societies can maintain attention for longer periods by observing various simultaneous events, fostering a diverse learning experience.

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Questioning and Active Inquiry

Learners ask questions and seek understanding without expecting explicit explanations, relying on active engagement and observation.

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Intrinsic Motivation

Motivation driven by internal factors, like personal interest or enjoyment, where the individual feels a sense of control.

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Extrinsic Motivation

Motivation driven by external factors, like rewards or obligations, where the individual feels less control.

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Perceived Competence

The belief in one's ability to succeed and achieve a desired outcome, crucial for setting and pursuing performance goals.

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Achievement Orientation

The desire to strive for success and recognition, often driving individuals to pursue performance goals for achievement, recognition, or the thrill of competition.

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Intrinsic and Extrinsic Performance Goals

Having both intrinsic and extrinsic factors motivating performance goals, like wanting to impress others while also enjoying the challenge itself.

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Adaptive Performance Goals

The idea that performance goals can be beneficial but only under specific conditions, emphasizing the importance of promoting a growth mindset and recognizing individual effort and progress.

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Study Notes

Educational Psychology - First Lecture

  • Homework cancellation rationale in primary schools: students spent 8-4:5 pm at school.
  • Education Endowment Foundation (EEF) website (British and American sources available).
  • List of education interventions (e.g., homework).
  • Implementation costs of interventions.
  • Evidence strength of interventions.
  • Impact (months): measure of effect size.
  • PISA: Standardized international exam for 15-year-olds (reading comprehension, mathematics, science).
  • Effect size (e.g., Cohen's d): measuring the difference between values from a reference point.
  • Publication bias in educational psychology: tendency to overemphasize statistically significant but not replicable results.

Educational Psychology - Issues in Research

  • Partial publication bias in research: only publishing positive outcomes.
  • Non-publication bias: not publishing all findings.
  • Regional bias in research: most studies occur in North America and western Europe.
  • Difference in educational programs: differences in approaches often based on politics.
  • Psychological traits are heritable.
  • IQ correlates with student performance.

Educational Psychology - Learning Theories

  • Classical and operant conditioning.
  • Non-associative learning: habituation and sensitization.

Educational Psychology - Personal Values

  • Values are subjective and reflect beliefs about what is good and important.
  • Values guide people's preferences and behavior.
  • Cultural values represent the goals and standards of a social group.
  • Personal values are lasting, desirable goals.
  • Values in psychology are empirically measured (self-reported).
  • Examples of basic values: independence of thought, security, pleasure, conformity, protection of vulnerable, and adherence to rules.

Educational Psychology - Value Conflicts

  • Value conflicts: conflicts between different types of values (e.g., self-transcendence vs. self-enhancement, openness to change vs. conservation).
  • Value conflicts arise from differences in education standards and policies.
  • Value differences are related to personal, social, cultural norms and background.

Educational Psychology - Values and Political Orientation

  • Connection between values and political orientation.
  • Students from different political backgrounds or belief systems hold different educational priorities.
  • Different educational systems reflect their value systems.

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Description

Test your understanding of various values that influence interpersonal dynamics and societal roles. This quiz covers concepts such as power, tradition, safety, and equality, encouraging you to reflect on their importance in your life and community. Dive in to explore how these values shape our interactions and experiences.

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