Valori normali nel sangue umano
34 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Qual es le principal responsabilitate de McGraw-Hill?

  • Offere consilio medical
  • Responsabilisar se del contento de omne information accessite per le travalio (correct)
  • Garantir successo in commercialiation de libros
  • Producer libros de physiologi

    • Quando Ganong moriva?

    23 de decembre, 2007

    Que era le focus central del travalio de Fran Ganong?

    Physiologia e education medic

    Fran Ganong esseva le unico autor de 'Review of Medical Physiology'.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que es un mol?

    <p>El peso molecular en gramos de una sustancia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Verdadero o Falso: El pH de una solución se define como el logaritmo negativo de la concentración de iones H+.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Qué son los electrolitos en fisiología?

    <p>Moléculas que se disocian en agua en sus equivalentes de catión y anión.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    El __________ es un compuesto importante en el cuerpo y actúa como un buffer en el control del pH.

    <p>ácido carbónico</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the different fluid compartments in the human body?

    <p>In the human body, the different fluid compartments are intracellular fluid (inside cells), interstitial fluid (outside cells but within the body), and blood plasma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an equivalent in physiology?

    <p>A unit of chemical equivalence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The molecular weight of a substance is the ratio of the mass of one molecule to the mass of one twelfth the mass of an atom of carbon-12, expressed as ____________.

    <p>dimensionless</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le valor normal de Bilirrubina total (B) in SI Units?

    <p>Up to 17 μmol/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le intervallo normal de Acetoacetate plus acetone (S) in SI Units?

    <p>3-20 mg/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Le phosphorus inorganic (S) ha un intervallo normal de 0.84-1.45 mmol/L. In le prime anno de vita, infants pote haber inorganic phosphorus usque a [_].

    <p>6.0 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale es le potencial membranari reposante?

    <p>-70 mV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nomi duo rationes del concentration intracellular del Na+ e K+ que remane constante.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le causa del potentiale membranari?

    <p>Totos le precedente</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Le __________ captura hydrigeno in reactiones de obvia altere energia.

    <p>NAD+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le principal property colligative de solutos in solutiones idéal e su relation con pressione osmotic?

    <p>Le pressione osmotic es un property colligative fundamental de solutiones que es proportional al numero de particulas in solution per unitate de volume de solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le relation inter osmolalitate e numero de particulas osmoticamente active in un solution?

    <p>Osmolalitate es proportional al numero de particulas osmoticamente active in solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Osmose es un processo ubi le molécules de solvent se diffunde a un region de concentration de soluto plus alte.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Le pressione osmotic de un solution depende directemente del numero de ____________ present in illo.

    <p>particulas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que es tonicitate usate pro describer osmolaritate de un solution relative al plasma?

    <p>La tonicitate es usate pro describer le osmolaritate de un solution relative al plasma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Solutions que ha le mesme osmolaritate que le plasma es dit que es __________.

    <p>isotonice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quales substantias pote indicar un plasma osmolalitate que excede significativemente le valor predicate per le formula?

    <p>Etanol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    La effetto Donnan pote cambiar le distribution de iones in un predictable maniera.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le processo principal per le qual ATP es formate in le corpore?

    <p>phosphorylation oxidative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le principal function del coenzima nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)?

    <p>Transfere hydrogens a O2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Excess uric acid in the blood or urine is a characteristic symptom of gout.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Le _________ es le final enzyme in le catena que forma uracil.

    <p>cytochrome c</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le objectivo del tractamento del gutta?

    <p>Diminuer le nivel de acido uric in le sanguine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Colchicine affecta le metabolism de acido uric.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le effecto de phenylbutazone e probenecid sur le reabsorption de acido uric?

    <p>inhibe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Le sequentias regulatory generalmente include sequentias de ______________ e silenciario.

    <p>enhancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Valores Normal de Sangue Intact, Plasma, o Serum

    • Acetoacetato plus acetona (S): 0.3-2.0 mg/dL (3-20 mg/L)
    • Aldosterona (supina) (P): 3.0-10 ng/dL (83-227 pmol/L)
    • Nitrogeno alpha-amino (P): 3.0-5.5 mg/dL (2.1-3.9 mmol/L)
    • Aminotransferases:
      • Alanina aminotransferasa: 3-48 units/L
      • Aspartato aminotransferasa: 0-55 units/L
    • Ammonia (B): 12-55 μmol/L
    • Amylase (S): 53-123 units/L (884-2050 nmol s-1/L)
    • Acido ascorbico (B): 0.4-1.5 mg/dL (fasting) (23-85 μmol/L)
    • Bilirubina (S): Conjugata (directa): up to 0.4 mg/dL (up to 7 μmol/L); Total (conjugata plus libera): up to 1.0 mg/dL (up to 17 μmol/L)

    Electrolytos e Otras Substancias

    • Calcio (S): 8.5-10.5 mg/dL (4.3-5.3 meq/L) (2.1-2.6 mmol/L)
    • Contenido de dioxide de carbono (S): 24-30 meq/L
    • Carotenoides (S): 0.8-4.0 μg/mL (1.5-7.4 μmol/L)
    • Ceruloplasmina (S): 23-43 mg/dL (240-430 mg/L)
    • Cloruro (S): 100-108 meq/L
    • Colesterol (S): < 200 mg/dL (< 5.17 mmol/L)
    • Esteres de colesterol (S): 60-70% del colesterol total
    • Cobre (total) (S): 70-155 μg/dL (11.0-24.4 μmol/L)

    Hormonas e Enzimas

    • Cortisol (P) (AM, fasting): 5-25 μg/dL (0.14-0.69 μmol/L)
    • Creatinina (P): 0.6-1.5 mg/dL (53-133 μmol/L)
    • Glucosa, fasting (P): 70-110 mg/dL (3.9-6.1 mmol/L)
    • Ferro (S): 50-150 μg/dL (9.0-26.9 μmol/L)
    • Acido lactic (B): 0.5-2.2 meq/L
    • Lipasa (S): 3-19 units/L
    • Lipidos, total (S): 450-1000 mg/dL (4.5-10 g/L)

    Otros Valores

    • Magnesio (S): 1.4-2.0 meq/L (0.7-1.0 mmol/L)

    • Osmolalidad (S): 280-296 mosm/kg H2O

    • PCO2 (arterial) (B): 35-45 mm Hg (4.7-6.0 kPa)

    • Pepsinogeno (P): 200-425 units/mL

    • Fenilalanina (S): 0-2 mg/dL (0-120 μmol/L)

    • Fosfatasa acida (S): Masculinos: 0-0.8 sigma unit/mL; Femininos: 0.01-0.56 sigma unit/mL

    • Fosfatasa alcalina (S): 13-39 units/L (adultos) (0.22-0.65 μmol s-1/L)

    • Fosfolipidos (S): 9-16 mg/dL como fosforo lipídico (2.9-5.2 mmol/L)

    • Fosforo inorgánico (S): 2.6-4.5 mg/dL (infantes en primer año: up to 6.0 mg/dL) (0.84-1.45 mmol/L)

    • PO2 (arterial) (B): 75-100 mm Hg (10.0-13.3 kPa)

    • Potasio (S): 3.5-5.0 meq/L

    • Proteina:

      • Total (S): 6.0-8.0 g/dL (60-80 g/L)
      • Albumina (S): 3.1-4.3 g/dL (31-43 g/L)
      • Globulina (S): 2.6-4.1 g/dL (26-41 g/L)

    • Acido pirúvico (P): 0-0.11 meq/L (0-110 μmol/L)

    • Sodio (S): 135-145 meq/L

    • Urea nitrogen (S): 8-25 mg/dL (2.9-8.9 mmol/L)

    • Acido úrico (S):

      • Mujeres: 2.3-6.6 mg/dL (137-393 μmol/L)
      • Hombres: 3.6-8.5 mg/dL (214-506 μmol/L)### Introduciton a Physiologia

    • Le libro es divise in sections que se focusa in differentas aspectos de physiologia, includente le cellular e molecular bases de physiologia.

    Le corpore como un solution organisate

    • Le corpore es un sistema complexe que consiste de cellulas e fluidos.
    • Le fluidos es divide in intra- e extracellular, con le fluido extracellular essente divided in fluido interstitial e plasma.
    • Le fluido extracellular es simile in composition al aqua del oceans primordial.

    Unitates de mesura pro concentration de solutos

    • In physiologia, le concentration de solutos es frequentemente exprimate in moles, equivalents, o osmoles.
    • Un mole es le peso molecular de un substantia, e es equal a 6 × 10^23 molecules.
    • Le unitates de mesura minus que un mole es le millimole (1/1000 de un mole) e le micromole (1/1,000,000 de un mole).

    Equivalentes

    • Un equivalente es un mole de un substantia ionisate divide per su valentia.
    • Un equivalent de Na+ = 23 g, ma un equivalent de Ca2+ = 40 g/2 = 20 g.

    Electrolytos, aqua, e equilibrio acido-basic

    • Aqua es un solvente ideal pro reactiones physiologic.

    • Electrolytos (e.g. NaCl) es molecules que se dissociia in aqua in iones positive e negative.

    • Le distribution de electrolytos in le corpore es importante in physiologia.

    • Le separation de electrolytos in le corpore es importante in physiologia.### Fluidos Corporal e Electrolytos

    • Le fluidos corporal es dividite in compartmentos intracellular e extracellular (ICF e ECF, respectivamente).

    • Le contribution de cada compartmento al peso corporal es de 40% (ICF) e 20% (ECF) in un masculo adulte san.

    • Le electrolytos (e.g. Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3-) e proteinas son distribuite in manera inequal inter le compartmentos.

    pH e Buffering

    • Le pH es definite como le logarithmo de base 10 del reciproce del concentration de H+ ([H+]).
    • Le pH del aqua a 25°C es 7,0, que es le punto de neutrality.
    • Le pH del plasma in individuos sanes es maintenite in un rango de 7,35 a 7,45.
    • Le acidos fortes (e.g. HCl) e bases fortes (e.g. NaOH) se dissociia completemente in aqua, mentre le acidos debiles (e.g. H2CO3) e bases debiles (e.g. NH3) se dissociia solo partialmente.
    • Le capacitate de buffering del fluidos corporal es importante pro maintener le pH constante.

    Diffusion

    • Le diffusion es le processo per le qual un gas o substantia in solution se expande pro occupar tote le volumine disponibile.
    • Le particulas de un substantia in solution es in movimiento random continue.
    • Le fluxo de particulas de un substantia de alta concentration a bassa concentration es directamente proportionate al gradient de concentration.
    • Le lege de Fick de diffusion es: J = -DA Δc / Δx.

    Osmose

    • Le osmose es le processo per le qual le molecules de solviente (e.g. aqua) se diffundent in un solution con un concentration de soluto plus alte.
    • Le pression osmotica es la pression necessaria pro prevenir le migration de solviente.
    • Le osmolaritate es le numero de osmoles per liter de solution, mentre le osmolaridad es le numero de osmoles per kilogram de solviente.
    • Le osmolaritate del plasma es approximativemente 290 mOsm/L.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Questo quiz copre i range di valori normali per vari componenti nel sangue umano, incluso l'acetoacetato, l'acetone, e altri.

    More Like This

    Acids and Bases: pH in Human Blood
    10 questions

    Acids and Bases: pH in Human Blood

    SereneDune avatar
    SereneDune
    Routine Blood Chemistry Tests Overview
    18 questions

    Routine Blood Chemistry Tests Overview

    EnergeticTrumpet avatar
    EnergeticTrumpet
    Fisiologia del pH del sangue
    20 questions

    Fisiologia del pH del sangue

    ImmaculateNobility4405 avatar
    ImmaculateNobility4405
    Blood Chemistry Lab Tests
    37 questions

    Blood Chemistry Lab Tests

    LikedFaith avatar
    LikedFaith
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser