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What is the core of any form of assessment that is trustworthy and accurate according to Bond (2003)?
What is the core of any form of assessment that is trustworthy and accurate according to Bond (2003)?
Validity
According to Messick (1989), validity refers to the appropriateness of interpretations and actions based on test scores.
According to Messick (1989), validity refers to the appropriateness of interpretations and actions based on test scores.
True
Borsboom, Mellenbergh, and van Heerden (2004) agree with Messick's conception of validity.
Borsboom, Mellenbergh, and van Heerden (2004) agree with Messick's conception of validity.
False
What does an Intelligent Quotient (IQ) test measure?
What does an Intelligent Quotient (IQ) test measure?
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When are inferences about assessment results considered validated?
When are inferences about assessment results considered validated?
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Which of the following are types of validity? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following are types of validity? (Select all that apply)
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Validity can be adequately summarized by a numerical value.
Validity can be adequately summarized by a numerical value.
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Content-related validity explores how the content of the assessment performs.
Content-related validity explores how the content of the assessment performs.
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What is a 'nomological network' in terms of construct validity?
What is a 'nomological network' in terms of construct validity?
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What is the main purpose of construct validity in research?
What is the main purpose of construct validity in research?
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Construct validity is involved whenever a certain attribute has to be measured.
Construct validity is involved whenever a certain attribute has to be measured.
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Construct validity is concerned with the efficacy of a test to gauge learner knowledge about relevant topics.
Construct validity is concerned with the efficacy of a test to gauge learner knowledge about relevant topics.
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According to Messick (1989), inferences about assessment results must be meaningful, trustworthy, and serve the purpose of the assessment for construct validity to reach its goal.
According to Messick (1989), inferences about assessment results must be meaningful, trustworthy, and serve the purpose of the assessment for construct validity to reach its goal.
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What are the two major threats to construct validity? (Select all that apply)
What are the two major threats to construct validity? (Select all that apply)
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Construct validity comes into question if an assessment does not produce the same results across different groups.
Construct validity comes into question if an assessment does not produce the same results across different groups.
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A test is seen as reliable when it can be used by a number of different researchers under stable conditions, with consistent results.
A test is seen as reliable when it can be used by a number of different researchers under stable conditions, with consistent results.
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What does reliability reflect?
What does reliability reflect?
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Reliability is seen as the degree to which a test is free from measurement errors.
Reliability is seen as the degree to which a test is free from measurement errors.
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The more measurement errors occur, the less reliable the test.
The more measurement errors occur, the less reliable the test.
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What does reliability contribute to?
What does reliability contribute to?
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Messick (1989) argued that reliability should be seen as opposing validity.
Messick (1989) argued that reliability should be seen as opposing validity.
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What did Messick (1989) accept as one of the types of validity?
What did Messick (1989) accept as one of the types of validity?
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According to Messick (1989), construct validity is essential for test interpretation but not for test use.
According to Messick (1989), construct validity is essential for test interpretation but not for test use.
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The 'Item reliability index' reflects whether the items could be replicated in the same order if they were given to another sample group that had similar or equal abilities.
The 'Item reliability index' reflects whether the items could be replicated in the same order if they were given to another sample group that had similar or equal abilities.
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According to Scherman (2007), high separation reliability values are beneficial to an assessment.
According to Scherman (2007), high separation reliability values are beneficial to an assessment.
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What does the 'logit scale' represent in terms of items on a pathway?
What does the 'logit scale' represent in terms of items on a pathway?
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In an ideal test, the buttons on an item pathway should be the same distance apart.
In an ideal test, the buttons on an item pathway should be the same distance apart.
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Buttons that fall within the white area of an item pathway are considered problematic items.
Buttons that fall within the white area of an item pathway are considered problematic items.
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There are situations where items may become problematic in terms of measuring a different aspect of the same construct.
There are situations where items may become problematic in terms of measuring a different aspect of the same construct.
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The most appropriate method for examining DIF in this study is a Rasch analysis.
The most appropriate method for examining DIF in this study is a Rasch analysis.
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The expectation is that items should function invariantly across different groups.
The expectation is that items should function invariantly across different groups.
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DIF analysis is a vital source to help identify bias in assessments across dissimilar groups.
DIF analysis is a vital source to help identify bias in assessments across dissimilar groups.
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Items that give different success rates across two or more groups display DIF.
Items that give different success rates across two or more groups display DIF.
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The focus of DIF studies has shifted in recent years to examine differences in test performance among ethnic groups.
The focus of DIF studies has shifted in recent years to examine differences in test performance among ethnic groups.
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The statistical properties of items are said to be 'operating invariantly' when DIF occurs.
The statistical properties of items are said to be 'operating invariantly' when DIF occurs.
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'Bias' is another term used to describe DIF.
'Bias' is another term used to describe DIF.
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According to Smith and Smith (2004), bias is the 'differential validity of a given interpretation of a test score for any definable, relevant subgroup of test takers.' What does this mean?
According to Smith and Smith (2004), bias is the 'differential validity of a given interpretation of a test score for any definable, relevant subgroup of test takers.' What does this mean?
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The ideal for valid quantitative judgments is for all items to perform the same way across different groups with the same knowledge.
The ideal for valid quantitative judgments is for all items to perform the same way across different groups with the same knowledge.
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DIF analysis can help to create a better understanding of the difficulty of an item and the characteristics of the group participating in the assessment.
DIF analysis can help to create a better understanding of the difficulty of an item and the characteristics of the group participating in the assessment.
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Factors that can contribute to biased items include ethnicity, exposure to various resources, differing opportunities, background, education, culture, language and life experiences.
Factors that can contribute to biased items include ethnicity, exposure to various resources, differing opportunities, background, education, culture, language and life experiences.
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Items that are exceedingly biased should be discarded.
Items that are exceedingly biased should be discarded.
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Items with a high DIF value are considered unfair items.
Items with a high DIF value are considered unfair items.
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WINSTEPS can be used to graphically represent DIF.
WINSTEPS can be used to graphically represent DIF.
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WINSTEPS was designed specifically for the one-parameter model.
WINSTEPS was designed specifically for the one-parameter model.
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Study Notes
Validity and Reliability
- The study aims to explore how objects influence the construct validity of a Picture Vocabulary Test.
- A review of literature on factors influencing validity was conducted in Chapter 2.
- This chapter discusses validity and reliability, explaining their role in the study.
- Validity is considered the core of any assessment, aiming for trustworthiness and accuracy.
- Messick's viewpoint on validity is followed in the study.
- The relevant aspects of validity concerning this study are discussed.
- Validity is essential for assessment and measurement. Assessments may be biased if they cannot be used across countries and cultures.
- Validity influences instructional changes based on assessment results.
- An example of validity is an IQ test, measuring a learner's intelligence (a fixed attribute), recognizing that intelligence varies between learners.
- Validity is a complex and evolving concept related to inferences about assessment results.
- Inferences need to be appropriate and based on validated hypotheses.
- Validity involves evaluative judgments ensuring interpretations and actions are truthful.
- Validity is not about the test itself, but about the inferences drawn from the test scores.
- Reliability refers to the consistency and replicability of test results across researchers and time.
- Reliability is important because it reduces measurement errors in tests.
- Reliability contributes to validity, not opposes it.
- Reliability is a unified aspect of validity.
- Validity is essential for both test interpretation and use.
- Reliability and validity are critical to the assessment credibility and finding truthfulness.
- The study focuses on construct validity, encompassing the efficacy of the test, appropriateness and use, and the integration of evidence.
- Construct validity is seen as most important.
- Threats to construct validity include limited facets of the construct or lack of relevant items.
- Validity and reliability are crucial to assessment.
- The study explores the level of construct validity of the Picture Vocabulary Test.
- The above considerations are integrated to assess whether all three steps are successfully implemented in the Picture Vocabulary Test.
Research Methodology
- The study uses a quantitative approach, employing Rasch analysis to analyze data, which is further described in section 4.1.6.
- Detailed procedures of data collection and sample selection are elaborated upon in Section 4.1.
- Ethical considerations are addressed in Section 4.2.
- The primary research question is: How do objects in a Picture Vocabulary Test influence validity?
- This question is further subdivided into detailed questions to explore and obtain objective answers.
- The study identifies barriers to validity in the Picture Vocabulary Test.
- These barriers are drawn from existing literature and include language, culture and visual literacy.
- A Rasch analysis methodology is utilized in the data analysis
- The analysis is aimed to determine how the items function in the Picture Vocabulary Test.
- Data analysis will assess whether the differences in various groups, using the Rasch model.
- The study follows a positivistic approach focused on empirical investigations to determine validity.
- The study explores if the Picture Vocabulary Test measures a single trait or ability, (vocabulary).
- It analyses whether the test functions similarly for learners from various language groups.
- The study aims to minimize barriers to construct validity.
- The methodology, sample selection and ethical considerations are explained.
- Data collection followed standard protocols.
- Qualitative methods and quantitative methods were used for statistical analysis.
Ethical Considerations
- Ethical considerations for the larger study (SAMP) are detailed.
- The project requires approvals, consent letters and confidentiality assurances.
- Participants were allowed to withdraw at any time.
- Project data was to be kept anonymous, confidential.
- The results section to follow elaborates on these results.
Conclusion
- The study explores construct validity of a Picture Vocabulary Test.
- The results and analyses of the test are presented, followed by a discussion of the ethical considerations made during the study.
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Description
This quiz delves into the concepts of validity and reliability as they pertain to assessment tools, particularly focusing on a Picture Vocabulary Test. It reviews literature highlighting the importance of validity in providing trustworthy and accurate results. Join us to explore essential theoretical frameworks, including Messick's perspective on validity.
