Valency and Valency Electrons in Chemistry

Valency and Valency Electrons

Definition of Valency

• Valency is the combining power of an element, which is the number of electrons an atom of an element can gain, lose, or share to form bonds with other atoms.

Valency Electrons

• Valency electrons are the outermost electrons of an atom, also known as the valence shell electrons.
• These electrons are involved in chemical bonding and determine the valency of an element.

Importance of Valency Electrons

• Valency electrons determine the chemical properties of an element, such as its reactivity and ability to form bonds with other atoms.
• The number of valency electrons determines the valency of an element.

Types of Valency Electrons

• Lone pair electrons: electrons that are not involved in bonding, but are present in the valence shell.
• Bonding electrons: electrons involved in forming bonds with other atoms.

Factors Affecting Valency

• Atomic size: smaller atoms tend to have a higher valency due to their smaller size.
• Electronegativity: elements with high electronegativity tend to have a higher valency.

Examples of Valency

• Hydrogen (H) has a valency of 1, as it can form one bond with another atom.
• Oxygen (O) has a valency of 2, as it can form two bonds with other atoms.
• Carbon (C) has a valency of 4, as it can form four bonds with other atoms.

Note: These notes provide a concise overview of valency and valency electrons. For more detailed information, it's recommended to consult a comprehensive chemistry textbook or online resources.