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Questions and Answers
How many electrons can the p orbital hold?
How many electrons can the p orbital hold?
Which energy level can hold a maximum of 10 electrons?
Which energy level can hold a maximum of 10 electrons?
How many valence electrons does an element in group 18 have?
How many valence electrons does an element in group 18 have?
Where are the valence electrons located for transition metals?
Where are the valence electrons located for transition metals?
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What is the key difference between transition metals and other elements in terms of electron filling order?
What is the key difference between transition metals and other elements in terms of electron filling order?
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What is the role of valence electrons in an atom?
What is the role of valence electrons in an atom?
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How do valence electrons differ among elements?
How do valence electrons differ among elements?
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Which type of electrons interact with other atoms to create chemical bonds?
Which type of electrons interact with other atoms to create chemical bonds?
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What do electron configurations describe in an atom?
What do electron configurations describe in an atom?
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Why do electrons play a role in balancing out the nucleus of an atom?
Why do electrons play a role in balancing out the nucleus of an atom?
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How many valence electrons does a sodium atom have?
How many valence electrons does a sodium atom have?
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What is the electron configuration for Helium?
What is the electron configuration for Helium?
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How many valence electrons does Carbon have?
How many valence electrons does Carbon have?
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What is the electron configuration for Gold?
What is the electron configuration for Gold?
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How many total electrons does Calcium have?
How many total electrons does Calcium have?
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What is the primary role of valence electrons in an atom?
What is the primary role of valence electrons in an atom?
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How do valence electrons differ among elements?
How do valence electrons differ among elements?
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Which electrons are the only ones in an atom to interact with other atoms?
Which electrons are the only ones in an atom to interact with other atoms?
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The number and arrangement of which electrons provide a detailed picture of an atom's behavior?
The number and arrangement of which electrons provide a detailed picture of an atom's behavior?
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What plays a crucial role in balancing out the positive charge of an atom's nucleus?
What plays a crucial role in balancing out the positive charge of an atom's nucleus?
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How many electrons can the p orbital hold in total?
How many electrons can the p orbital hold in total?
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Where are the valence electrons typically located for elements on the periodic table?
Where are the valence electrons typically located for elements on the periodic table?
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What is the maximum number of valence electrons an element in group #13 can have?
What is the maximum number of valence electrons an element in group #13 can have?
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In which group of the periodic table would an element with 4 valence electrons typically be found?
In which group of the periodic table would an element with 4 valence electrons typically be found?
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Why do transition metals typically trend towards having 2 valence electrons?
Why do transition metals typically trend towards having 2 valence electrons?
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How many total electrons are there in a Gold atom?
How many total electrons are there in a Gold atom?
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Which element has an electron configuration of 1s² 2s² 2p²?
Which element has an electron configuration of 1s² 2s² 2p²?
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How many valence electrons does a Sodium atom have?
How many valence electrons does a Sodium atom have?
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In which group is Calcium located on the periodic table?
In which group is Calcium located on the periodic table?
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How many electrons are in the outermost energy level of a Helium atom?
How many electrons are in the outermost energy level of a Helium atom?
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Study Notes
Valence Electrons and Electron Configurations
- Neutral atoms contain a specific number of electrons, equal to the atomic number (number of protons).
- Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom, playing a crucial role in the behavior and properties of an atom.
- Valence electrons interact with other atoms, enabling chemical bonding.
Electron Configurations: Energy Levels & Orbitals
- Electron configuration is the order in which electrons fill orbitals in an atom.
- Energy levels are notated with a number (1-7), and orbital shapes are notated with a letter (s, p, d, or f).
- There are 7 energy levels, coinciding with the periodic number on the periodic table.
- Orbitals have specific capacities: s holds 2 electrons, p holds 6, d holds 10, and f holds 14 electrons.
First Energy Level
- The first energy level can hold 2 total electrons, both located in the s orbital.
- Hydrogen and helium are the only elements fulfilled by the 1s level.
Valence Electrons and the Periodic Table
- Valence electrons can be determined by the group number, excluding transition metals and helium.
- Elements in group #1 have 1 valence electron, while elements in group #16 have 6 valence electrons.
Transition Metals
- Transition metals are located in groups 3-12 on the periodic table, including lanthanides and actinides.
- Their valence electrons are located in the d or f orbitals.
- Energy levels for d and f orbitals do not directly correspond to the period number.
- Transition metals tend to have 2 valence electrons since the s sublevel fills before the d sublevel.
Examples of Valence Electrons
- The entire pathway of electron configurations for elements can be seen in the electron configuration examples.
- To write an electron configuration for any element, determine the total number of electrons and write the configuration starting from 1s2 until the sum of the final digits reaches the total number of electrons.
- Examples of specific elements' electron configurations and valence electrons are provided in the table.
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Description
Test your knowledge on valence electrons which are the electrons located in the outermost energy level of an atom. Learn about the importance of valence electrons in determining the chemical properties of elements.
