Вакцинация и заболевания у детей

Pediatric Diseases and Vaccination Schedule

• Hypertension: Associated with nodular periarteritis. Not mitral valve prolapse, hemorrhagic vasculitis, patent ductus arteriosus, or systemic lupus erythematosus.
• Hypertension (Confirmed): Associated with nodular periarteritis (confirmed).
• Hypertension (Cause): Nodular periarteritis.

Rheumatic Fever Treatment

• Aspirin Dosage: 0.2 grams per year.

Acquired Heart Defects

• Cause: Rheumatic fever. Not systemic lupus erythematosus, osteoarthritis, fibroelastosis, or septic endocarditis.

Pediatric Arthritis Assessment

• Hospitalization (Treatment Exclusion): If a child is hospitalized two days after arthritis onset with a temperature of 37.8°C and joint pain/swelling, with a systolic heart murmur and an erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of 45 mm/hr., levomethicin is not indicated.
• Hospitalization (Possible Treatments): Prednisolone, penicillin, suпраstin, and acetylsalicylic acid.

Mitral Valve Regurgitation

• Characteristics: Systolic thrill at the apex, systolic murmur at the apex, possible enlargement of both left and right heart chambers, pulmonary hypertension. Not a characteristic: accentuated first heart sound at the apex.

Rhuematic Fever Diagnostic Criteria

• Clinical Considerations: Fever, elevated ESR, possible abdominal pain, annular rash. Criteria include carditis, fever, elevated ESR, sometimes abdominal pain plus an annular rash, and the effectiveness of anti-rheumatic therapy.

Non-Rheumatic Myocarditis

• Differentiation: The absence of thromboembolic complications differentiates this condition from a possible issue like rheumatic fever.
• Other Signs: Heart rhythm disturbance, muted heart sounds, enlarged heart, and signs of heart failure.

Differentiating Rheumatic vs. Tuberculosis Arthritis

• Diagnosis: X-ray findings are helpful to distinguish between rheumatic and tuberculous arthritis of the knee joint.

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

• Characteristics: Possible signs include reduced cardiac muscle (myocardium), enlarged heart chambers, potential for rapid heart failure development. Not a characteristic: asymmetry of the left ventricular wall.

Rheumatic Joint Involvement

• Affected Joints: Primarily the knee joints, not lower limbs, cervical spine, hip joint or wrists.

Diabetic Triad

• Symptoms (Type 1): Thirst, polyuria, and weight loss in children with type 1 diabetes. Not dryness of the mouth, obesity, or bowel issues.

Diabetic Nephropathy

• Symptoms Exclusion: Generalized cyanosis is not a characteristic symptom.

Growth Patterns in Children (first year)

• First trimester: ~9 cm.
• Second trimester: ~7.5 cm.
• Third trimester: ~4.5 cm.

Newborn Characteristics

• Normal Findings: Relative lymphocytosis. Not anemias of the physiological type, eosinophilia, reticulocytosis, or relative neutrophilia.

Newborn Dispancery Visits

• Required Tests: Complete blood count (CBC) and urinalysis.

Newborn Reflexes

• Turning Head (Prone): Protective reflex.
• Loud Noise (Startle): Moro reflex.
• Pressing Palm: Babinski reflex.

Newborn Environment

• Temperature: 22-23 degrees Celsius.

Umbilical Cord Detachment

• Newborn: 4-5 days post-birth.

Newborn Hemoglobin Levels

• Normal Range: 180-240 g/L.

Newborn Heart Rate

• Normal Range: 140 beats per minute.

Optimal Infant Nutrition

• Best Choice: Breastfeeding.

Maternal Breast Milk Composition (Preterm)

• Key Feature: High protein content.

Daily Milk Intake (28-day-old)

• Average: 800 ml.

Newborn Measurements

• Chest Circumference: 34-36 cm.
• Head Circumference: 35-36 cm.
• Average Weight (female): 3200 grams.

Newborn Adaptation Period

• Duration: Varies.

Frequency of Infant Medical Checkups

• Premature: Twice per week.
• Full-term: At least once a week.
• Pediatric Checkups (full-term): 4 times a month.

First Postnatal Visit for Infants

• Premature: Day-of-discharge.
• Full-term: First week after discharge.

Prenatal Checkups

• Second Visit Timeline: 30-32 weeks.
• First Visit Timeline: 12-14 weeks.

Neonatal Period Duration

• Duration: 28 days.

Physiological Hemolysis

• Time Period: Neonatal period.

Vesicular Stomatosis in Newborns

• Management: Observation.

Premature Newborn Signs

• Absent Characteristic: Grefé sign.
• Other signs: Possibility of absence of subcutaneous fat.
• Other signs: Possibility of low muscle tone/hypo-tonus

Newborn Age Definition

• Age Limit: 28 days.

Apgar Score Assessment

• Excluded Feature: Color of urine and stool.

Newborn Neurological Assessment

• Excluded Measurement: Respiratory rate and heart rate.

Causes of Perinatal Hypoxic CNS Damage

• Excluded Cause: Early anemia in prematurely born babies.
• Other Causes: Maternal Anemia, Intrauterine infection, Gestational diseases, fetoplacental insufficiency.

Gestational Age for a Full-Term Baby

• Gestational Week Range: 38-40 weeks.

Sepsis - Septicopyemic Features

• Absent Characteristic: Absence of pyemia foci.
• Other Characteristics: Bacteremia, acute Infectious-toxic shock, localized infection foci, leukocytosis, elevated ESR

Infant Teeth at 1 Year

• Average Tooth Count: 8-10 teeth.

Heart Failure (Small Circulation)

• Excluded Sign: Moist crackles in the lungs (wheezes). Wet or productive cough is a potential finding.
• Other possible signs: edema of the lower extremities and hepatomegaly

Congenital Heart Disease in Newborns

• Potential Condition: Congenital heart disease (not hypertensive, ischemic, or rheumatic).

Blood Testing Preparation

• Important Preparation: Blood drawn before breakfast, minimizing the effect of food and drink.

Common Child Anemia

• Most Common: Iron deficiency anemia, not B12 deficiency or others.

Peripheral Blood Analysis (7-month-old)

• Normal Finding: Neutrophilia (normal for healthy babies). Not thrombocytopenia, erythrocytopenia, lymphocytopenia, or leukocytopenia.

Erythropoietin Production

• Location: Kidneys

Child Developmental Checkup

• Common Time: 3 years old.

Child Development Record

• Common Document: Form 112/u.

Fetal Nervous System Development

• Critical Period: 2-3 weeks.

Child Development Milestones (6 months)

• Examples: Rolling over onto stomach; turning head towards sounds; sitting independently; and being active and emotionally involved.

Child Development Milestones (2 months)

• Examples: Shows interest in toys, looking at people's eyes, smiling, maintaining and holding head up well.

Infant Weight Gain (first year)

• Approximate Increase: 3x (or threefold).

Average Weight (6 months)

• Approximate Weight: 6,800 grams.

Dispancery Follow-up for Iron Deficiency Anemia

• Duration: 6-12 months.

Follow-up Frequency for Iron Deficiency Anemia (Acute)

• Frequency: Every 10-14 days.

Iron Requirements (Premature)

• Daily Requirement: 2 mg/kg.

Iron Requirements (Full-Term)

• Daily Requirement: 1.5 mg/kg.

Causes of Iron Deficiency Anemia

• Primary Cause: Iron deficiency. Not chronic infections, protein deficiency, or frequent common colds.

Follow-up Frequency for Rickets (Acute)

• Frequency: Every 10-14 days.

Follow-up Duration for Rickets

• Duration: 3 years.

Vitamin D3 Prophylactic Dose

• Daily Dose: 500 IU.

Rickets Prophylaxis in Newborns

• Preferred Treatment: Aquadetrim (vitamin D3).

Early Signs of Rickets

• Characteristic Sign: Excessive sweating. Not other symptoms.

Pathophysiology (Rickets)

• Central Issue: Calcium and phosphorus metabolism disturbance.

Possible Reaction to Polio Vaccination

• Potential Reaction: Loose stools. Not skin rash, anaphylactic shock, high fever, or coma.

Measles Vaccination (High-Risk)

• Age: 1 year.

Vaccine Disposal

• Method: 0.1% or 0.2% Bleach dechlorination.

Vaccinations Completed by 1 Year

• Vaccinations: DTaP + Polio (IPV). (confirmed)

Essential Vaccinations (1 Year)

• Combined Vaccine: DTaP + Polio (IPV). (confirmed)

Vaccine Record Card

• Form: 063/u.

High-Risk Children Groups for Vaccines

• Group Count: 5 groups.

DTaP Booster Dose

• Age: 1 year and 6 months.

Hepatitis A Second Dose

• Age: 2 years and 6 months.

2-year-old Vaccination Schedule

• Vaccination: Hepatitis A.

Polio Re-vaccination (Age)

• Age: 12-15 months.

DTaP Vaccination Completion Age

• Completion Age: 4 months

First Polio Vaccination (Age)

• Age: 2 months (confirmed)

Third Polio Vaccination (Age)

• Age: 2 months (confirmed)

Diphtheria Vaccine Type

• Type: DTaP.

Second Polio Vaccination (Age)

• Age: 3 months.

Hep B Vaccination Completion Age

• Completion Age: 4 months.

DTaP Vaccine Components

• Components: 3 vaccines.

Post Immunoglobulin/Blood Products Vaccination Delay

• Time Delayed: 3 months.

BCG Vaccination Timing after Mantoux Test

• Timing: 72 hours after Mantoux test.

BCG Vaccination Method

• Method: Intradermal.

MMR Vaccination Age

• Age: 1 year.

Additional Vaccination Information from the Multiple Choice Questions:

• First Polio Vaccination (Age): 2 months (confirmed)

Hepatitis B Vaccine Classification

• Biological Type: Recombinant.

Tuberculosis Vaccine (Type)

• Vaccine: BCG.