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Questions and Answers
Which of the following congenital anomalies is NOT associated with VACTERL association?
Which of the following congenital anomalies is NOT associated with VACTERL association?
- Tracheo-esophageal fistula
- Bilateral renal agenesis (correct)
- Anorectal malformations
- Cleft lip
To establish a diagnosis of VACTERL association, how many congenital anomalies must be present?
To establish a diagnosis of VACTERL association, how many congenital anomalies must be present?
- At least 1
- At least 3 (correct)
- At least 4
- At least 2
Which of the following cardiac anomalies is included in the VACTERL association?
Which of the following cardiac anomalies is included in the VACTERL association?
- Pulmonary stenosis
- Coarctation of the aorta
- Tetralogy of Fallot (correct)
- Transposition of the great vessels
In VACTERL association, which of the following is NOT classified as a limb anomaly?
In VACTERL association, which of the following is NOT classified as a limb anomaly?
Which gastrointestinal anomaly can be associated with VACTERL association?
Which gastrointestinal anomaly can be associated with VACTERL association?
Flashcards
VACTERL Association
VACTERL Association
A group of birth defects that occur together without a known genetic cause. At least three of the following must be present for a diagnosis: vertebral anomalies, anorectal malformations, cardiac anomalies, tracheo-esophageal fistula, renal anomalies, limb anomalies.
Vertebral Anomalies
Vertebral Anomalies
Problems with the spine, such as missing or malformed vertebrae, or a split spinal cord.
Anorectal Malformations
Anorectal Malformations
Abnormalities in the rectum and anus, such as a closed anus or a connection between the anus and other body parts.
Cardiac Anomalies & Cleft Lip
Cardiac Anomalies & Cleft Lip
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Tracheo-Esophageal Fistula
Tracheo-Esophageal Fistula
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Study Notes
VACTERL Association
- A sporadic cluster of congenital anomalies, often appearing together without a clear genetic cause.
- Diagnosis requires at least three of the following anomalies:
Vertebral Anomalies
- Block vertebrae
- Butterfly vertebrae
- Hemivertebrae
- Caudal regression
- Dysraphism
- Rib anomalies may also occur
Anorectal Malformations
- Anal atresia
- Anal fistula (in addition to atresia, if applicable)
Cardiac Anomalies
- Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
- Atrial septal defect (ASD)
- Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- Cleft lip
- Choanal atresia
Tracheo-Esophageal Anomalies
- Tracheo-esophageal fistula
- Tracheo-esophageal atresia
- Other GI anomalies: microgastria, duodenal atresia, malrotation, Meckel's diverticulum
Renal and Radial Ray Anomalies
- Renal agenesis
- Renal cystic dysplasia
- Renal ectopia
- Horseshoe kidney
- Radius dysplasia or absence
- Thumb hypoplasia
- Scaphoid bone absence
Limb Anomalies
- Polydactyly
- Syndactyly
- Oligodactyly
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