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Vaccines and Immunity Quiz
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Vaccines and Immunity Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between active and passive immunity?

  • Active immunity is acquired through natural exposure, while passive immunity is acquired artificially through vaccines.
  • Active immunity only lasts for a few weeks, while passive immunity can last for the lifetime of the individual.
  • Active immunity involves the body producing its own antibodies, while passive immunity involves receiving antibodies from an external source. (correct)
  • Active immunity is only effective in children, while passive immunity is effective in adults.

    • Why does passive immunity only last for a few weeks or months?

  • Passive immunity is not as effective as active immunity.
  • The received antibodies do not match the individual's immune system.
  • The received antibodies are broken down quickly by the body. (correct)
  • The body's immune system becomes dependent on the received antibodies.

    • What is the result of active immunity?

  • The immune system produces antibodies in response to a disease or vaccine. (correct)
  • The body becomes temporarily dependent on externally provided antibodies.
  • The immune system becomes weakened and unable to fight infections.
  • The individual becomes more susceptible to diseases.

    • Why are polysaccharide vaccines commonly conjugated to inactivated proteins?

    <p>To enhance the immune response, especially in young children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of conjugating bacterial polysaccharides to a protein in vaccines for patients with weak immune systems?

    <p>To stimulate T cell responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vaccine contains purified capsule polysaccharide from 23 most common isolates of S. pneumoniae?

    <p>PPSV (Pneumovax 23)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of mRNA vaccines compared to other types of vaccines?

    <p>Shorter manufacturing times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of Novavax COVID-19 vaccine?

    <p>Protein subunit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common local side effects of vaccines?

    <p>Swelling, redness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When are vaccines contraindicated?

    <p>Severe allergic reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of mass immunization strategy?

    <p>Eradication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vaccine type uses a modified version of a virus to trigger an immune response?

    <p>Viral vector vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of DNA vaccines?

    <p>Produce strong, long-term immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vaccine type contains pieces of the virus that causes COVID-19?

    <p>Protein subunit vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vaccine covers 90% of S. pneumoniae isolates and is used every five years for persons at risk?

    <p>PPSV (Pneumovax 23)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vaccine type acts like a natural infection and is good at teaching the immune system how to fight germs?

    <p>Recombinant vector vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity can be acquired by natural means?

    <p>Innate immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of adjuvants in vaccines?

    <p>To enhance the immune response to antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vaccine contains killed microorganisms or inactivated viruses?

    <p>Inactivated vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when a sufficient proportion of a population is immune to an infectious disease?

    <p>Herd immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vaccine cannot replicate and often requires booster doses?

    <p>Inactivated vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vaccine contains a weakened form of the pathogen that can replicate inside the host?

    <p>Attenuated vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of artificial immunity sources in vaccines?

    <p>To provide immunity for a specific purpose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vaccine involves toxins treated to destroy the toxic part, retaining antigenic epitopes?

    <p>Toxoid vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do subunit vaccines utilizing pathogen components include?

    <p>Polysaccharide vaccines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vaccine must be conjugated to an inactivated protein to evoke a response in people with weak immune systems?

    <p>Subunit vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of vaccines?

    <p>To protect individuals directly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of RNA vaccines & viral vectors in the types of vaccines?

    <p>To introduce genetic material for immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Vaccines and Immunity: Key Facts

    • Passive immunity can be produced inside or introduced from outside the body
    • Natural immunity is acquired by natural means, while artificial immunity sources are given for a specific purpose
    • Vaccines protect individuals directly and prevent spread in the population indirectly
    • Herd immunity occurs when a sufficient proportion of a population is immune to an infectious disease
    • There are five general types of vaccines: attenuated, inactivated, subunit, toxoid, and RNA vaccines & viral vectors
    • Attenuated vaccines contain a weakened form of the pathogen and can replicate inside the host
    • Inactivated vaccines cannot replicate and often require several booster doses
    • Adjuvants enhance the immune response to antigens by providing "danger signals" to APCs
    • Inactivated whole agent vaccines contain killed microorganisms or inactivated viruses
    • Toxoid vaccines involve toxins treated to destroy the toxic part, retaining antigenic epitopes
    • Vaccines utilizing pathogen components include subunit, recombinant, polysaccharide, and conjugate vaccines
    • Some subunit vaccines must be conjugated to an inactivated protein to evoke a response in people with weak immune systems

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    Description

    Test your knowledge about vaccines and immunity with this informative quiz. Explore key facts about different types of immunity, vaccines, and their role in protecting individuals and populations from infectious diseases.

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