Vaccine Knowledge Quiz

Edward Jenner

Cowpox (Vaccinia)

European Plague of mid 1300’s

<p>Measles and Smallpox</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vaccine development: ISOLATE INACTIVATE INJECT</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced global incidence by over 99% from 350,000/yr to around 800/yr cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Probably the most single effective healthcare initiative in history</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Effective protection without causing disease or severe side effects, long-lasting protection, correct stimulation of immune response, and affordability for widespread use</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Live, attenuated, killed, extract, recombinant, and DNA vaccines</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Live or attenuated vaccines</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Herd immunity is the beneficial impact of vaccination. Falling vaccination rates have led to a pool of unimmunized individuals vulnerable to diseases like measles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DTaP/IPV/Hib, Men C, MMR, BCG, pneumococcal, and flu vaccines at specific ages</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves sequencing the whole bacterial genome, identifying candidate genes, expressing them in E.coli bacteria, and identifying vaccine candidates for clinical trials</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potential threats like H5N1 avian flu, SARS coronavirus, and West Nile Virus, with origins of new challenges traced to nonhuman primate origin and animal markets</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dendritic cells express Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR) like Toll-like receptors, which play a crucial role in activating T cells and increasing their ability to capture and process antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Defect in gene coding for Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator (CFTR) located on chromosome 7</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cystic Fibrosis (CF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Minimum sweat volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sweat chloride concentration &gt; 60mmol/l</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symptomatic Meconium ileus, Recurrent chest infections, Diarrhoea/constipation, Growth faltering, Hypernatremic dehydration, Liver dysfunction, Intussusception, Pancreatitis, Diabetes, Infertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flu, Rhinovirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>S.Aureus, H.Influenzae, Pseudomonas, B. Cepacia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 weeks of oral ciprofloxacin and 3 months of nebulised colomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>18 months of INH/EMB/Clari</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Age 12</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pilocarpine iontophoresis technique</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The normal host defense mechanisms of the respiratory tract include mucociliary clearance, cough reflex, and immune cells such as macrophages and lymphocytes. These mechanisms help to prevent infection by clearing pathogens from the respiratory system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Respiratory tract infections can be caused by viruses, bacteria (both typical and atypical), other bacteria such as Mycobacteria and Actinomyces, fungi, and parasites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clinical features of respiratory tract infections can include symptoms such as cough, fever, shortness of breath, chest pain, sputum production, and general malaise. The specific features depend on the type and location of the infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main treatment modalities for respiratory tract infections include antibiotics for bacterial infections, antivirals for viral infections, supportive care such as rest and hydration, and in some cases, antifungal or antiparasitic medications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Future directions of care for respiratory tract infections include the use of rapid diagnostics, sequencing technologies, and consideration of health economics in the diagnosis and management of pneumonia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) helps keep the airways open and improves oxygenation in patients with respiratory failure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Baricitinib is effective when used in addition to steroids/tocilizumab for respiratory tract infections, possibly due to its anti-inflammatory properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High dose dexamethasone, empagliflozin, molnupiravir, Paxlovid, and Sotrovimab are among the drugs under investigation for respiratory tract infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The CURB65 scoring system provides prognostic information for pneumonia cases, aiding in decision-making for patient care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Key considerations in pneumonia treatment include antibiotic resistance, stewardship, health economics, and time to clinical stability, highlighting the complexity of managing this condition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>dexamethasone, remdesivir, tocilizumab, and REGN-COV2 monoclonal antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bronchiectasis and lung abscess require specific treatments like airway clearance, antibiotics, and surgical intervention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clinical presentation and severity scores are used to establish the appropriate treatment and care plan for respiratory infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>COPD, asthma, bronchiectasis, and lung abscess</p> Signup and view all the answers