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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of the BCG vaccine administered at birth?
What is the primary purpose of the BCG vaccine administered at birth?
Maternal antibodies can provide immunity to infants for more than one year.
Maternal antibodies can provide immunity to infants for more than one year.
False
What is the significance of administering the Hepatitis B vaccine at birth?
What is the significance of administering the Hepatitis B vaccine at birth?
It protects against transmission from mothers to children.
The Sabin vaccine helps prevent __________.
The Sabin vaccine helps prevent __________.
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Match the following vaccines with their primary purpose:
Match the following vaccines with their primary purpose:
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At what age is the DPT vaccine administered in Mexico?
At what age is the DPT vaccine administered in Mexico?
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Turner Syndrome can occur in males.
Turner Syndrome can occur in males.
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What are two key characteristics of Turner Syndrome?
What are two key characteristics of Turner Syndrome?
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Females with Turner Syndrome have _____ chromosome(s).
Females with Turner Syndrome have _____ chromosome(s).
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Match the following vaccines with their administration age group in Mexico:
Match the following vaccines with their administration age group in Mexico:
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What is one symptom observed in gonorrhea ocular infections?
What is one symptom observed in gonorrhea ocular infections?
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Gonorrhea typically results in severe symptoms in all cases.
Gonorrhea typically results in severe symptoms in all cases.
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What is the likely cause of gonococcal arthritis in infected individuals?
What is the likely cause of gonococcal arthritis in infected individuals?
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If caused by a sensitive strain, the preferred treatments for gonorrhea are ___________ and ___________.
If caused by a sensitive strain, the preferred treatments for gonorrhea are ___________ and ___________.
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Match the following complications with their descriptions:
Match the following complications with their descriptions:
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Which of the following groups of individuals are at higher risk for Hepatitis B? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following groups of individuals are at higher risk for Hepatitis B? (Select all that apply)
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Hepatitis B can only be transmitted through sexual contact.
Hepatitis B can only be transmitted through sexual contact.
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Name two common symptoms associated with Hepatitis B.
Name two common symptoms associated with Hepatitis B.
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Hepatitis B can cause serious complications such as ______ and kidney failure.
Hepatitis B can cause serious complications such as ______ and kidney failure.
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Match the symptoms of Hepatitis B with their descriptions:
Match the symptoms of Hepatitis B with their descriptions:
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What disease does the HPV vaccine target primarily?
What disease does the HPV vaccine target primarily?
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The DPT vaccine includes protection against Diphtheria, Tetanus, and HPV.
The DPT vaccine includes protection against Diphtheria, Tetanus, and HPV.
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At what age is the Pneumococcal vaccine administered for infants?
At what age is the Pneumococcal vaccine administered for infants?
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The vaccine given at 2, 4, and 6 months is for __________.
The vaccine given at 2, 4, and 6 months is for __________.
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Which of the following vaccinations is administered annually until age 6?
Which of the following vaccinations is administered annually until age 6?
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Polio is a bacterial disease that affects the respiratory system.
Polio is a bacterial disease that affects the respiratory system.
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Match the following vaccines with their target diseases:
Match the following vaccines with their target diseases:
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What method of administration is used for most vaccines?
What method of administration is used for most vaccines?
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What is the most frequent manifestation of gonorrhea in males?
What is the most frequent manifestation of gonorrhea in males?
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The majority of men infected with gonorrhea present with noticeable symptoms.
The majority of men infected with gonorrhea present with noticeable symptoms.
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Name the causative agent of gonorrhea.
Name the causative agent of gonorrhea.
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Gonorrhea in females can lead to complications such as __________ and infertility.
Gonorrhea in females can lead to complications such as __________ and infertility.
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Match the following manifestations of gonorrhea with their associated gender:
Match the following manifestations of gonorrhea with their associated gender:
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What is the primary cause of Chlamydia?
What is the primary cause of Chlamydia?
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Chlamydia only affects women and does not cause symptoms in men.
Chlamydia only affects women and does not cause symptoms in men.
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What is a common symptom of Chlamydia in women?
What is a common symptom of Chlamydia in women?
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Chlamydia can be transmitted during childbirth from the mother to the _____ .
Chlamydia can be transmitted during childbirth from the mother to the _____ .
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Match the following symptoms with the corresponding gender:
Match the following symptoms with the corresponding gender:
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Which of the following methods is NOT a way HIV can be transmitted?
Which of the following methods is NOT a way HIV can be transmitted?
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HIV can be transmitted from a mother to her child during breastfeeding.
HIV can be transmitted from a mother to her child during breastfeeding.
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Name one method of sexual transmission of HIV.
Name one method of sexual transmission of HIV.
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HIV transmission can occur through potentially infectious __________.
HIV transmission can occur through potentially infectious __________.
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Match the following transmission methods with their categories:
Match the following transmission methods with their categories:
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What type of virus is VPH?
What type of virus is VPH?
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VPH symptoms are often noticeable and easily detected.
VPH symptoms are often noticeable and easily detected.
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What is the recommended frequency for Pap tests for women over 30 years old?
What is the recommended frequency for Pap tests for women over 30 years old?
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VPH is transmitted through direct skin contact, sexual penetration, or ________ contact.
VPH is transmitted through direct skin contact, sexual penetration, or ________ contact.
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Match the following VPH-related terms with their descriptions:
Match the following VPH-related terms with their descriptions:
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Study Notes
Vaccination Booklet
- The vaccination booklet provides information on vaccines for Mexican citizens.
- The booklet highlights the importance of vaccination for newborns, as they are more vulnerable to illnesses.
Vaccination Schedule
- At Birth: BCG (single dose, prevents meningeal tuberculosis), Hepatitis B (three doses, prevents transmission from mother to child), Sabin (oral, prevents polio)
- 2-6 Months: Rotavirus (three doses), Pneumococcal (two doses), Influenza, Pentavalent, Hepatitis B Booster
- 7-18 Months: Triple Viral (one dose, prevents measles, mumps, rubella), Pneumococcal Booster, Influenza Booster, Pentavalent Booster
- 18 Months - 4 Years: DPT (booster), Sabin Booster, R.influenza
- 6-11 Years: HPV (recommended for girls, given in 5th grade)
Diseases Targeted
- Diphtheria: Bacterial respiratory infection
- Pertussis (Whooping Cough): Bacterial respiratory infection
- Tetanus: Bacterial nervous system infection
- Polio: Viral nervous system infection
- Influenza: Viral respiratory infection
- Rotavirus: Viral infection causing severe diarrhea
- Pneumococcal Disease: Bacterial infection causing pneumonia, meningitis, and ear infections
- Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR): Viral infections affecting various systems
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV): Virus causing potentially cancerous lesions
Pathologies During Pregnancy
- Chromosomal alterations affect the number of chromosomes in an embryo.
Turner Syndrome
- Affects only females.
- Occurs when there is only one X chromosome or a part of one.
- Key Characteristics: Short stature, webbed neck, hairline below nape of neck, no pubic hair, no menstruation, underdeveloped breasts and genitals, delayed mental development, absence of ovaries.
Hepatitis B
- Liver disease caused by a virus.
- Can lead to lifelong infection, cirrhosis, cancer, kidney failure, and death.
- Risk Groups: Individuals with unprotected sexual activity, pregnant women, men with sexually transmitted infections, drug users, healthcare professionals, babies born to mothers infected with the virus.
- Transmission: Blood, saliva, semen, vaginal fluids, breast milk.
- Symptoms: Fatigue, loss of appetite, stomach pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, darkened urine, yellowing of the skin (jaundice).
Gonorrhea
- Infection of the epithelial linings affecting the urethra, rectum, conjunctiva, and pharynx.
- Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a gram-negative bacteria.
- In Males: Urethritis is the most common manifestation.
- In Females: Cervicitis and vaginitis are common manifestations.
- Anorectal Gonorrhea: Occurs in about 7% of women with gonorrhea, more common in individuals who practice anal sex.
- Treatment: Antibiotics must be used specifically and strictly due to the bacterium's high resistance.
Gonorrhea (Specific Manifestations)
- Cervical Gonorrhea: Generally mild or asymptomatic, erythema and lymphadenitis can be observed.
- Ocular Gonorrhea: Results from autoinoculation (promiscuous behavior), clinically manifests with edema, hyperemia, and secretions of the palpebra, can lead to vision loss.
- Gonococcal Arthritis: Occurs in 3-7% of infections, strain Por IA is highly likely to cause infection, menstruation is a risk factor for dissemination.
Chlamydia
- Bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by Chlamydia trachomatis.
- Often a "silent" infection with many people not experiencing symptoms.
- Transmission: Direct sexual contact without protection, during childbirth (from mother to baby), possible transmission through oral sex, rectal contact.
- Symptoms (Women): Abnormal vaginal discharge, painful urination (burning sensation), abdominal pain, bleeding between periods, nausea.
- Symptoms (Men): Painful urination, pain and swelling in testicles, discharge from penis.
- Complications: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), infertility, pregnancy complications, infection of the rectum.
- Treatment: Doxicycline or azithromycin are preferred antibiotics.
VPH (Human Papilloma Virus)
- DNA tumor virus prevalent in mammals.
- Some types cause epithelial proliferation in mucous membranes.
- Transmission: Direct skin contact, sexual penetration, or genital contact.
- In most cases, it is asymptomatic.
- If left untreated, precancerous lesions can progress to cervical cancer.
- Detection: Molecular tests or biopsies, Pap test.
- Prevention: Avoid spreading the virus, use cryotherapy.
Ways of HIV Transmission
- Sexual Transmission: Unprotected anal sex, unprotected vaginal sex, oral sex (mouth to vagina, penis, or anus), oral-genital contact, oral-oral contact, oral-anal contact, oral-hand contact.
- Fluid Transmission: Potentially infectious bodily fluids.
- Perinatal Transmission: Transmission from a mother to her child during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding.
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Description
This quiz covers the vaccination schedule for newborns in Mexico, emphasizing the importance of immunizations against various diseases. It outlines the specific vaccines administered at different ages and the diseases they protect against, providing crucial information for parents and guardians.
