Vaccination Schedule for Newborns in Mexico

Vaccination Booklet

• The vaccination booklet provides information on vaccines for Mexican citizens.
• The booklet highlights the importance of vaccination for newborns, as they are more vulnerable to illnesses.

Vaccination Schedule

• At Birth: BCG (single dose, prevents meningeal tuberculosis), Hepatitis B (three doses, prevents transmission from mother to child), Sabin (oral, prevents polio)
• 2-6 Months: Rotavirus (three doses), Pneumococcal (two doses), Influenza, Pentavalent, Hepatitis B Booster
• 7-18 Months: Triple Viral (one dose, prevents measles, mumps, rubella), Pneumococcal Booster, Influenza Booster, Pentavalent Booster
• 18 Months - 4 Years: DPT (booster), Sabin Booster, R.influenza
• 6-11 Years: HPV (recommended for girls, given in 5th grade)

Diseases Targeted

• Diphtheria: Bacterial respiratory infection
• Pertussis (Whooping Cough): Bacterial respiratory infection
• Tetanus: Bacterial nervous system infection
• Polio: Viral nervous system infection
• Influenza: Viral respiratory infection
• Rotavirus: Viral infection causing severe diarrhea
• Pneumococcal Disease: Bacterial infection causing pneumonia, meningitis, and ear infections
• Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR): Viral infections affecting various systems
• Human Papillomavirus (HPV): Virus causing potentially cancerous lesions

Pathologies During Pregnancy

• Chromosomal alterations affect the number of chromosomes in an embryo.

Turner Syndrome

• Affects only females.
• Occurs when there is only one X chromosome or a part of one.
• Key Characteristics: Short stature, webbed neck, hairline below nape of neck, no pubic hair, no menstruation, underdeveloped breasts and genitals, delayed mental development, absence of ovaries.

Hepatitis B

• Liver disease caused by a virus.
• Can lead to lifelong infection, cirrhosis, cancer, kidney failure, and death.
• Risk Groups: Individuals with unprotected sexual activity, pregnant women, men with sexually transmitted infections, drug users, healthcare professionals, babies born to mothers infected with the virus.
• Transmission: Blood, saliva, semen, vaginal fluids, breast milk.
• Symptoms: Fatigue, loss of appetite, stomach pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, darkened urine, yellowing of the skin (jaundice).

Gonorrhea

• Infection of the epithelial linings affecting the urethra, rectum, conjunctiva, and pharynx.
• Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a gram-negative bacteria.
• In Males: Urethritis is the most common manifestation.
• In Females: Cervicitis and vaginitis are common manifestations.
• Anorectal Gonorrhea: Occurs in about 7% of women with gonorrhea, more common in individuals who practice anal sex.
• Treatment: Antibiotics must be used specifically and strictly due to the bacterium's high resistance.

Gonorrhea (Specific Manifestations)

• Cervical Gonorrhea: Generally mild or asymptomatic, erythema and lymphadenitis can be observed.
• Ocular Gonorrhea: Results from autoinoculation (promiscuous behavior), clinically manifests with edema, hyperemia, and secretions of the palpebra, can lead to vision loss.
• Gonococcal Arthritis: Occurs in 3-7% of infections, strain Por IA is highly likely to cause infection, menstruation is a risk factor for dissemination.

Chlamydia

• Bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by Chlamydia trachomatis.
• Often a "silent" infection with many people not experiencing symptoms.
• Transmission: Direct sexual contact without protection, during childbirth (from mother to baby), possible transmission through oral sex, rectal contact.
• Symptoms (Women): Abnormal vaginal discharge, painful urination (burning sensation), abdominal pain, bleeding between periods, nausea.
• Symptoms (Men): Painful urination, pain and swelling in testicles, discharge from penis.
• Complications: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), infertility, pregnancy complications, infection of the rectum.
• Treatment: Doxicycline or azithromycin are preferred antibiotics.

VPH (Human Papilloma Virus)

• DNA tumor virus prevalent in mammals.
• Some types cause epithelial proliferation in mucous membranes.
• Transmission: Direct skin contact, sexual penetration, or genital contact.
• In most cases, it is asymptomatic.
• If left untreated, precancerous lesions can progress to cervical cancer.
• Detection: Molecular tests or biopsies, Pap test.
• Prevention: Avoid spreading the virus, use cryotherapy.

Ways of HIV Transmission

• Sexual Transmission: Unprotected anal sex, unprotected vaginal sex, oral sex (mouth to vagina, penis, or anus), oral-genital contact, oral-oral contact, oral-anal contact, oral-hand contact.
• Fluid Transmission: Potentially infectious bodily fluids.
• Perinatal Transmission: Transmission from a mother to her child during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding.