Vaccination Overview and Guidelines

Questions and Answers

What is the recommended interval for Td boosters?

Every 5 years

Every year

Every 10 years (correct)

Every 15 years

Which condition contraindicates the Tdap vaccine in adults?

History of anaphylaxis to vaccine components (correct)

Smoking history

Age over 26

Chronic liver disease

How many doses of the Human Papilloma Virus vaccine are recommended for individuals over 15 years?

1 dose

3 doses (correct)

4 doses

2 doses

Which group should receive the Hepatitis A vaccine with 2 or 3 doses?

Healthcare workers with additional risk factors Signup and view all the answers

What is one recommended step for the successful implementation of vaccination for healthcare workers?

Reviewing vaccination records annually Signup and view all the answers

What is the route of administration for the Hepatitis B vaccine?

Intramuscular in the deltoid region Signup and view all the answers

What is the protective anti-HBsAg titre after the Hepatitis B vaccine?

10 mIU/ml Signup and view all the answers

Which vaccine is recommended annually due to changing predominant variants?

Seasonal influenza Signup and view all the answers

Who can receive the live attenuated influenza vaccine intranasally?

Non-pregnant adults aged 2-49 years Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effect is most commonly associated with the Hepatitis B vaccine?

Pain at the injection site Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment duration for antiviral drugs during an influenza outbreak?

5 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary transmission method for measles?

Respiratory droplets and airborne spread Signup and view all the answers

For individuals who are infected with influenza and continue to work, what is a potential risk?

They can transmit the infection to patients. Signup and view all the answers

What is the age requirement for receiving the Moderna vaccine?

Above 18 years of age Signup and view all the answers

How many doses of the Quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV4) are recommended for healthcare workers with certain risk factors?

2 doses Signup and view all the answers

For which group of individuals is the Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MPSV4) recommended?

Individuals aged above 55 years with risk factors Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred time frame for administering postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) following exposure to N. meningitidis?

Within 24 hours Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following vaccines is based on the m-RNA technology?

Moderna Signup and view all the answers

How frequently should microbiologists exposed to N. meningitidis receive a booster dose of MCV4?

Every 5 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the protective efficacy range of the typhoid vaccines available?

50%–80% Signup and view all the answers

How is the Oral live-attenuated Ty21a vaccine administered?

As four capsules taken on alternate days Signup and view all the answers

What is the vaccine effectiveness of the MMR vaccine after two doses?

99% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following complications is NOT associated with measles?

Throat infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended exclusion period for health-care workers with mumps?

5 days from onset of parotitis Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of a rubella outbreak in a hospital?

Negative publicity Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of mumps cases are asymptomatic?

25%–40% Signup and view all the answers

In which situation should health-care workers have immune documentation against rubella?

Because of potential contact with pregnant women Signup and view all the answers

What is the effective dose for the MMR vaccine?

0.5ml SC Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by fever and inflammation of the salivary glands?

Mumps Signup and view all the answers

What is the route of administration for the single dose of the MMR vaccine?

Subcutaneous Signup and view all the answers

What is the effectiveness of the pertussis vaccine?

92% Signup and view all the answers

Which group is at the highest risk for severe pertussis?

Infants too young to be vaccinated Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended postexposure prophylaxis for healthcare workers exposed to pertussis?

Azithromycin, clarithromycin, or erythromycin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding varicella vaccination?

Two doses are required for those who have never had chickenpox. Signup and view all the answers

What is the cost comparison of infection control with and without Tdap vaccination of HCW?

$388,000 without vaccination; $69,000 with Signup and view all the answers

Who should receive a precaution dose of the Covid vaccine at 60 years of age?

Those who have finished 9 months from the 2nd dose Signup and view all the answers

What is the only reliable evidence of previous rubella infection?

Presence of serum rubella IgG antibody Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Recommended Vaccinations for Healthcare Workers (HCW)

Hepatitis B: Recombinant vaccine administered in 3 doses at 0, 1, and 6 months; over 90% effectiveness post 3rd dose; anti-HBsAg protective titre >10 mIU/ml.
Seasonal Influenza: Annual vaccination recommended; single dose of inactivated flu vaccine (0.5 ml IM); live attenuated version for non-pregnant adults aged 2-49 years; antiviral treatments include oseltamivir and zanamivir.
Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR): Highly contagious; 1-dose effectiveness of 95%, 2-dose effectiveness of 99%; single dose of 0.5 ml SC; complications include pneumonia and encephalitis.
Pertussis: Highly contagious bacterial infection; Tdap vaccine followed by 10-year Td boosters; effectiveness at around 92%; post-exposure prophylaxis includes azithromycin or erythromycin.
Varicella (Chickenpox): Live attenuated vaccine; 2 doses for HCW without chickenpox history; contraindicated in immunocompromised individuals.

Covid-19 Vaccination

Types of Vaccines:
- Pfizer-BioNTech: mRNA vaccine for ages 5 and older; 2 doses 3 weeks apart.
- Moderna: mRNA vaccine for ages 18 and older; 2 doses 4 weeks apart.
- Sputnik: Adenovirus-based viral vector vaccine.
Immunocompromised individuals aged 60+ may receive precautionary doses after 9 months from the second dose.

Vaccinations Indicated in Certain Circumstances

Meningitis: Vaccination not routinely recommended; quadrivalent MCV4 for HCW with known asplenia or complement deficiencies; rapid post-exposure prophylaxis with rifampin, ciprofloxacin, or ceftriaxone.
Typhoid: Vaccine available for endemic regions; protective efficacy ranges from 50% to 80%; oral and parenteral vaccines available for at-risk HCW.
Tetanus and Diphtheria: Td vaccines every 10 years; Tdap for initial vaccination; contraindications include anaphylaxis history.
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV): Two doses for ages 9-14; three doses for ages 15+; consultation recommended for individuals over 26.
Hepatitis A (HAV): 2 or 3 doses recommended for HCW with risk factors such as chronic liver disease or working with HAV in the lab.

Implementation of Vaccination for HCW

Key components for effective vaccination programs include:
- Education on vaccine preventable infections.
- Easy access to vaccines and organized vaccination campaigns.
- Maintaining vaccination records for all HCW and annual reviews.
- Offering free vaccination and conducting workshops for HCW.

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Description

Explore the essential information regarding different vaccines, including Moderna and Sputnik. This quiz will cover vaccination age requirements, dosage intervals, and specific disease indications. Test your knowledge on vaccination protocols and their importance in public health.