Vaccines and Lecture 3: Measles, Mumps, and Rubella

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is the age range for the administration of the vaccine in children?

2-5 years
2 months and 4-5 years (correct)
5-6 years
1-2 years

What is the primary site of infection for measles, mumps, and rubella?

Respiratory system (correct)
Skin
Parotid glands
Nervous system

What is the reason for conjugating polysaccharides to protein carriers?

To enhance the immunogenicity of the vaccine (correct)
To reduce the side effects of the vaccine
To increase the cost of the vaccine
To reduce the efficacy of the vaccine

What is the primary site of colonization for Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Upper respiratory tract (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a drop in MMR vaccine uptake?

Loss of herd immunity (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of cases of HIB infection that are fatal?

5% (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of all 7 human coronaviruses?

Zoonotic (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of administering antitoxins directly in serious cases of pertussis?

To provide passive immunity (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mortality rate associated with measles encephalitis?

1.5% (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of rubella infection during pregnancy?

Abortion or deformity of the fetus (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of vaccine available for HIB?

Conjugate vaccine (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus?

COVID-19 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which the immune system responds to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lung alveoli?

Macrophages ingest bacteria, which then multiply and pass on to lymphocytes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the development of bacterial vaccines?

To prevent serious morbidity and fatalities from bacterial infections (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the live vaccine derived from cell culture-attenuated M. bovis used for immunization against TB?

BCG (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical treatment duration for tuberculosis?

6 months (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of the DTP vaccine?

Stimulating antitoxin production (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the toxin produced by Clostridium tetani?

Tetanospasmin (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the test used to determine carrier status for tuberculosis?

Tuberculin skin test (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of macrophages in the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

Ingesting and presenting antigens to lymphocytes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the vaccine introduced in the 1940s that combines diptheria, tetanus, and pertussis components?

DTP (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission of tuberculosis?

Airborne transmission (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the age range for the administration of the MMR vaccine in children?

The vaccine is administered to children between the ages of 2 months and 4-5 years old.

Where does the infection take place for Measles, Mumps, and Rubella?

The primary site of infection for measles, mumps, and rubella is the respiratory system.

Why do we conjugate polysaccharides to protein carriers in vaccines?

Conjugating polysaccharides to protein carriers enhances the immunogenicity of the vaccine by making it more recognizable to the immune system.

Where does Streptococcus pneumoniae typically live?

Streptococcus pneumoniae primarily colonizes the upper respiratory tract, where it can cause infections like pneumonia.