Vaccination MIM 32 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What characteristic is true of live attenuated vaccines?

They cannot elicit a full immune response.

They are generally not safe for immunocompromised individuals.

They must grow in the body to be effective. (correct)

They typically require fewer doses than inactivated vaccines.

Which type of vaccine is specifically an inactivated version of a toxin?

Polysaccharide vaccine

Live attenuated vaccine

Subunit vaccine

Toxoid vaccine (correct)

Why are inactivated, whole virus vaccines no longer commonly used?

They can grow in the body, posing risks.

They must be administered in multiple doses. (correct)

They cannot elicit a neutralizing immune response.

They require extensive storage conditions.

What is a common feature of polysaccharide vaccines?

They are generally based on capsule polysaccharides. Signup and view all the answers

What guidance does the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) provide?

They recommend vaccine usage timings and populations. Signup and view all the answers

What defines active immunity in the context of vaccination?

Immunity that relies on the individual's immune system to produce responses. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about passive immunity is true?

It provides immediate but temporary protection. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of vaccines related to immune response?

The similarity of a vaccine to the disease-causing organism enhances the immune response. Signup and view all the answers

Which option correctly describes acquired immunity?

Both active and passive immunity are forms of acquired immunity. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'syncope or vasovagal response' refer to in relation to vaccination?

A temporary physical response, not an allergic reaction. Signup and view all the answers

What major factor affects the vaccination schedule for babies?

The baby's immunization readiness Signup and view all the answers

Why are live attenuated virus vaccines typically not given to infants?

They pose a risk if the infant has GI issues Signup and view all the answers

What is the earliest initial immunization recommended for babies?

Hepatitis B vaccine Signup and view all the answers

What type of immune response do young children mount to polysaccharide antigens?

Minimal immune response Signup and view all the answers

What should be administered to an infant if the mother has evidence of Hepatitis B infection?

Passive immunity through gammaglobulin Signup and view all the answers

What does the capital letter in DTaP indicate?

Amount of antigen present Signup and view all the answers

What significant change occurred in childhood vaccines since 2001?

Removal of Thimerosal from all childhood vaccines Signup and view all the answers

Which vaccines are specifically designed to be more effective for infants?

Conjugate vaccines Signup and view all the answers

Which type of vaccine is made from pathogens that have been killed or inactivated?

Inactivated Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of live attenuated vaccines?

They elicit a strong immune response with fewer doses. Signup and view all the answers

Which vaccine type uses a harmless toxin produced by bacteria to generate immunity?

Toxoid Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following vaccines is based on only a part of the pathogen?

Subunit Signup and view all the answers

Which type of vaccine is known for creating a more robust immune response through the use of a carrier protein?

Conjugated Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of pure polysaccharide vaccines?

They are typically less effective in young children. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes inactivated vaccines?

They often require booster shots due to weaker immune response. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common advantage of live attenuated vaccines over inactivated vaccines?

They require fewer doses to achieve immunity. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key limitation of pure polysaccharide vaccines?

They are ineffective in children under 2 years old. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the use of conjugated polysaccharide vaccines?

They enhance immune response in young children. Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates between permanent and temporary contraindications for vaccination?

Temporary contraindications include allergies. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of passive immunity?

Maternal antibodies transferred to an infant. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS)?

To report adverse events post-vaccination. Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for ensuring correct patient information during vaccine administration?

Providing Vaccine Information Statements when available. Signup and view all the answers

What is a general trend in vaccine administration intervals?

Intervals may vary based on patient age and vaccine type. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the prevention of tetanus through vaccination?

Adult vaccinations should occur every ten years. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Vaccination Overview

Educational materials are exclusive to students at Jerry M. Wallace School of Osteopathic Medicine.
Redistribution of class materials violates copyright policies and educational terms.

Vaccination Objectives

Understand properties of vaccines: live attenuated, inactivated, subunit, toxoid, pure polysaccharide, and conjugated.
Learn guidelines for starting vaccine series in different patient demographics.
Acknowledge limitations of pure polysaccharide vaccines and advantages of conjugated polysaccharide antigens.
Identify trends in vaccine administration based on population and dosing intervals.
Recognize contraindications and precautions for vaccinations, differentiating between permanent and temporary conditions.
Learn tetanus prevention through vaccination and passive immunity.
Examples of passive immunity include maternal antibodies transferred to infants.
Understand the application of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies in healthcare.

Vaccine Information Statements

Vaccine Information Statements (VIS) are mandatory under the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act.
VIS applies to children and adults, requiring healthcare providers to inform patients about vaccination risks.
Healthcare providers must report specific adverse events post-vaccination as mandated by law.

Vaccine Adverse Reactions

Local reactions can include pain, swelling, and redness at the injection site, typically mild and self-limited.
Systemic reactions may involve fever, malaise, and headache, often nonspecific and possibly unrelated to the vaccine.
Syncope or vasovagal responses are reactions, not indicative of allergies.

Principles of Immunity

Active immunity results from the immune system producing responses through natural infection or vaccination, usually long-lasting.
Passive immunity involves antibody transfer from another person or animal, offering temporary protection.

Types of Vaccines

Live attenuated vaccines closely mimic the infectious agent and elicit strong immune responses but may pose issues for immunocompromised individuals.
Inactivated vaccines do not replicate in the body, requiring multiple doses and boosters for efficacy.
Subunit vaccines include toxoids (inactivated toxins) that generate neutralizing antibodies and are safe for immunocompromised individuals.
Polysaccharide vaccines may exist in pure form or as conjugated, improving responses, particularly in young children.

Vaccination in Different Populations

Babies have a naive immune system and require specific immunization schedules.
Detailed vaccination recommendations assess the baby’s immune readiness and immediate protection needs.

Vaccination Schedule for Infants

Initial vaccination occurs at birth, followed by additional doses at 2 and 6 months, and a final set at 12-15 months.
All childhood vaccines have been thimerosal-free since 2001.

Specific Vaccinations for Newborns

The first vaccine is the hepatitis B vaccine to prevent serious infections; if the mother is infected, the infant receives passive immunity.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) antibody may be administered based on maternal immunity.

Vaccination for 2-Month-Olds

Live attenuated vaccines, like rotavirus, are assessed for suitability in infants, especially those with certain medical conditions.
DTaP vaccine protects against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis, using inactivated toxoid and purified proteins.
Young children require protein-conjugated vaccines (e.g., PCV, Hib) due to their lower immune response to pure polysaccharide antigens.

Immune System Considerations

Concerns regarding immune system overload from multiple simultaneous vaccinations are addressed; the immune system can handle multiple antigens in vaccines effectively.

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Description

Test your knowledge on vaccination topics covered in the MIM 32 course. This quiz includes key concepts and important information necessary for understanding vaccinations. Perfect for students looking to enhance their understanding of immunization.