29 Questions
How do DNA vaccines work?
Generating mRNA in the cell, which expresses the antigenic protein
What is a key feature of mRNA vaccines?
Injection via lipid nanoparticles
Which type of vaccine involves cloning immunogenic genes into a non-disease-causing virus vector?
Recombinant organism vaccine
What is the role of adjuvants in vaccines?
Enhancing immune response to combined antigens
What did Andrew Wakefield's study falsely link to vaccines?
Association of MMR vaccine with autism and IBD
Which technology involves using a virus vector incapable of causing disease in the host?
Recombinant organism vaccine
What distinguishes DNA vaccines from recombinant organism vaccines?
"Generating mRNA from plasmids for antigenic protein expression" method
'Clone the gene that codes the immunogenic protein' is associated with which type of vaccine technology?
"Recombinant subunit vaccine"
'Induces an immune response' is a characteristic of which type of vaccine technology?
"Recombinant organism vaccines"
'Important in prolonged response' best describes which element related to vaccine development?
"Adjuvants"
What did individuals in ancient China observe about smallpox survivors?
They never contracted smallpox again.
What was the technique used in ancient times to protect against smallpox?
Variolation by infecting individuals with smallpox scabs
Which vaccine introduced in 1879 by Louis Pasteur was a significant milestone in immunology?
Chickenpox vaccine
Which type of immunization involves the passive transfer of preformed antibodies specific to a particular antigen?
Passive immunization
What is the primary advantage of active immunization over passive immunization?
Long-lasting protection
What form of immunization is most commonly achieved through vaccines?
Active immunization
Which term describes the process of deliberately infecting individuals with smallpox scabs to create immunity?
Variolation
What was the significance of Edward Jenner's work in 1796?
"Vaccinating" individuals against smallpox using cowpox
'Vaccination' comes from the Latin word 'Vacca,' which means:
"Cow"
'Antivenom' is an example of which type of immunization?
"Natural" administration of antibodies
What was the year when the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared smallpox eradicated?
1980
Which region was not mentioned as a target for the eradication of Rinderpest?
North America
What is the formula for calculating Vaccine Efficacy (VE) according to the text?
(ARU - ARV) × 100 / ARU
In vaccine development, what do live-attenuated vaccines primarily aim to do?
Maintain the ability to replicate but with reduced virulence
Which type of vaccine involves using chimeric organisms in its development?
Live attenuated vaccine
What type of vaccine technology involves injecting only the essential pathogenicity components of the virus?
Nucleic acid vaccines
What is one of the disadvantages mentioned in the text associated with live attenuated vaccines?
Annual vaccination is needed
Which region was not listed as being easier to accomplish eradication according to the text?
'Reservoir' regions like raccoons and bats
'In vitro' and 'In vivo' testing methods are associated with which vaccine development technology?
'Reverse vaccinology'
Learn about the impact of vaccination on controlling infectious diseases through examples like the worldwide eradication of Smallpox and Rinderpest. Explore the timeline and key events leading to the eradication of Smallpox by the WHO.
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