Blood Pressure, Hypertension  Hypotension

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Questions and Answers

According to the equation MABP = CO x TPR, what is the role of MABP in the circulatory system?

  • It determines the heart rate
  • It represents the resistance in the blood vessels
  • It drives the flow of blood throughout the system (correct)
  • It measures the oxygen levels in the blood

What is the formula for calculating cardiac output (CO)?

CO = Heart rate (HR) x stroke volume (SV)

How does a decrease in stroke volume (SV), heart rate (HR) or total peripheral resistance (TPR) affect Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (MABP)?

  • MABP increases
  • MABP decreases (correct)
  • MABP remains unchanged
  • MABP fluctuates irregularly

What does MABP stand for in the given equation?

<p>What does MABP stand for in the given equation?</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating mean arterial blood pressure?

<p>MABP = cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) or MABP = HR x SV x TPR</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the pressure receptors (baroreceptors) located in the body

<p>The wall of the arch of the aorta and carotid sinus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of information do the pressure receptors (baroreceptors) send back to the central nervous system (CNS)?

<p>Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the input from the baroreceptors when MABP decreases?

<p>The input from the baroreceptors decreases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the activation of the sympathetic nervous system affect MABP?

<p>It increases MABP by speeding up the heart rate and constricting blood vessel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the overall effects of the baroreceptor reflex on mean arterial blood pressure (MABP)?

<p>Increasing heart rate and stroke volume, and constricting blood vessels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormones affect BP?

<p>Adrenaline, Antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin), Atrial natriuretic peptide, Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the range for normotensive blood pressure?

<p>90-135 mmHg systolic and 60-85 mmHg diastolic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What blood pressure readings indicate hypertension?

<blockquote> <p>135 mmHg systolic and &gt;85 mmHg diastolic (A)</p> </blockquote> Signup and view all the answers

How would you define hypotension?

<p>&lt;90 mmHg systolic and &lt;60 mmHg diastolic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a blood pressure measurement shows 120 mmHg systolic and 70 mmHg diastolic, how would you classify it?

<p>Normotensive (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of blood pressure is measured when the heart is at rest?

<p>Diastolic pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When determining hypertension, what would be the systolic blood pressure threshold?

<blockquote> <p>135 mmHg (A)</p> </blockquote> Signup and view all the answers

High blood pressure (hypertension) can lead to damage in which of the following organs over time?

<p>Heart, blood vessels, and kidneys (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a condition where blood pressure is abnormally low and may result in inadequate blood perfusion to tissues?

<p>Hypotension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chronic high blood pressure can cause damage to blood vessels, leading to an increased risk of:

<p>Stroke and heart disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Low blood pressure can result in inadequate perfusion of tissues, leading to:

<p>Oxygen deprivation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of primary hypertension?

<p>Elevated blood pressure with no clear cause (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Secondary hypertension is characterized by:

<p>Hypertension with a clear underlying cause (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What blood pressure readings would categorize a person as having Stage 1 hypertension?

<p>Clinic blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What blood pressure readings would classify an individual with Stage 2 hypertension?

<p>Clinic blood pressure of 160/100 mmHg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What blood pressure values indicate Stage 3 or Severe hypertension?

<p>Clinic blood pressure of 180/120 mmHg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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