Blood Pressure, Hypertension Hypotension
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Questions and Answers

According to the equation MABP = CO x TPR, what is the role of MABP in the circulatory system?

  • It determines the heart rate
  • It represents the resistance in the blood vessels
  • It drives the flow of blood throughout the system (correct)
  • It measures the oxygen levels in the blood

    • What is the formula for calculating cardiac output (CO)?

    CO = Heart rate (HR) x stroke volume (SV)

    How does a decrease in stroke volume (SV), heart rate (HR) or total peripheral resistance (TPR) affect Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (MABP)?

  • MABP increases
  • MABP decreases (correct)
  • MABP remains unchanged
  • MABP fluctuates irregularly

    • What does MABP stand for in the given equation?

    <p>What does MABP stand for in the given equation?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating mean arterial blood pressure?

    <p>MABP = cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) or MABP = HR x SV x TPR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the pressure receptors (baroreceptors) located in the body

    <p>The wall of the arch of the aorta and carotid sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of information do the pressure receptors (baroreceptors) send back to the central nervous system (CNS)?

    <p>Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the input from the baroreceptors when MABP decreases?

    <p>The input from the baroreceptors decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the activation of the sympathetic nervous system affect MABP?

    <p>It increases MABP by speeding up the heart rate and constricting blood vessel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the overall effects of the baroreceptor reflex on mean arterial blood pressure (MABP)?

    <p>Increasing heart rate and stroke volume, and constricting blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormones affect BP?

    <p>Adrenaline, Antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin), Atrial natriuretic peptide, Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range for normotensive blood pressure?

    <p>90-135 mmHg systolic and 60-85 mmHg diastolic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What blood pressure readings indicate hypertension?

    <blockquote> <p>135 mmHg systolic and &gt;85 mmHg diastolic</p> </blockquote> Signup and view all the answers

    How would you define hypotension?

    <p>&lt;90 mmHg systolic and &lt;60 mmHg diastolic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a blood pressure measurement shows 120 mmHg systolic and 70 mmHg diastolic, how would you classify it?

    <p>Normotensive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of blood pressure is measured when the heart is at rest?

    <p>Diastolic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When determining hypertension, what would be the systolic blood pressure threshold?

    <blockquote> <p>135 mmHg</p> </blockquote> Signup and view all the answers

    High blood pressure (hypertension) can lead to damage in which of the following organs over time?

    <p>Heart, blood vessels, and kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a condition where blood pressure is abnormally low and may result in inadequate blood perfusion to tissues?

    <p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic high blood pressure can cause damage to blood vessels, leading to an increased risk of:

    <p>Stroke and heart disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Low blood pressure can result in inadequate perfusion of tissues, leading to:

    <p>Oxygen deprivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of primary hypertension?

    <p>Elevated blood pressure with no clear cause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Secondary hypertension is characterized by:

    <p>Hypertension with a clear underlying cause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What blood pressure readings would categorize a person as having Stage 1 hypertension?

    <p>Clinic blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What blood pressure readings would classify an individual with Stage 2 hypertension?

    <p>Clinic blood pressure of 160/100 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What blood pressure values indicate Stage 3 or Severe hypertension?

    <p>Clinic blood pressure of 180/120 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

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