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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the Three D's of Cognitive Impairment?

  • Diabetes (correct)
  • Delirium
  • Depression
  • Dementia

Which of the following is a risk factor for delirium?

  • Healthy diet
  • Exercise
  • Infection (correct)
  • Social interaction

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of delirium?

  • Loss of intellectual functions
  • Rapid onset (correct)
  • Gradual onset
  • Inability to perform purposeful actions

Which cognitive impairment usually has a gradual onset and slow steady pattern of decline?

<p>Dementia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inability to perform purposeful actions or movements?

<p>Apraxia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a care strategy for delirium prevention?

<p>Benzodiazepines/psychotropic meds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the irreversible state that slowly progresses over years and causes memory impairment and loss of intellectual functions?

<p>Dementia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inability to recognize common objects and people, despite good vision or intact sensory abilities?

<p>Agnosia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the loss of the ability to express and understand spoken and written language?

<p>Aphasia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for delirium?

<p>Exercise (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following non-pharmacological approaches is based on the premise that orientation to person, place, and environment reduces responsive behaviors in individuals with dementia?

<p>Reality/Orientation Therapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which non-pharmacological approach involves validating the feelings expressed by individuals with dementia in order to reduce irritability?

<p>Validation Therapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which non-pharmacological approach may help individuals with dementia refocus on different thoughts and feelings through touch and reassurance?

<p>Touch Therapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which non-pharmacological approach enhances the quality of life for individuals with dementia through meaningful social interactions?

<p>Socialization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which non-pharmacological approach is supported by research in reducing disruptive behavior during and immediately after therapy?

<p>Music Therapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach should be avoided for extreme responsive behaviors in individuals with dementia?

<p>Pharmacological Approaches (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT associated with depression in older adults?

<p>Perceived cognitive deficits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some negative outcomes of depression in older adults?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is a non-pharmacological treatment option for depression?

<p>Counseling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should LPNs know about mental capacity?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of dementia is the most common?

<p>Alzheimer's Disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of Parkinson's Disease?

<p>Resting Tremor, Rigidity, Bradykinesia, Postural instability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of dementia-responsive behaviors?

<p>Misinterpreting environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does pain perception change in dementia?

<p>The person feels pain more intensely (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the GPA approach in dementia care?

<p>Understanding the person behind the disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of Sundown Syndrome?

<p>Becoming demanding or aggressive, experiencing delusions and hallucinations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the nursing actions for addressing wandering/exiting behaviors in dementia?

<p>Call the person by name, repeat concerns, face the person and use direct eye contact (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the interventions for addressing feeding difficulties in dementia?

<p>Arrange the tray to facilitate self-feeding, use verbal cueing with simple instructions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of dementia care in the GPA approach?

<p>Understanding the person behind the disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the Sundown Syndrome nursing actions?

<p>Providing a calm approach, minimizing environmental stimuli, redirecting, being consistent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Cognitive Impairment

  • The Three D's of Cognitive Impairment are not specifically mentioned, but delirium, dementia, and depression are discussed.
  • Delirium is a risk factor for dementia.

Delirium

  • A distinguishing feature of delirium is a sudden onset and rapid decline.
  • Risk factors for delirium include:
    • Multiple medications
    • Sensory impairment
    • Infection
    • Dehydration
    • Electrolyte imbalance
  • Care strategies for delirium prevention include:
    • Reducing noise and stimulation
    • Promoting sleep
    • Encouraging mobility
    • Providing visual aids and orientation cues
    • Avoiding restraints

Dementia

  • Dementia is a gradual onset and slow steady pattern of decline.
  • Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia.
  • Symptoms of dementia include:
    • Memory impairment
    • Loss of intellectual functions
    • Inability to recognize common objects and people (agnosia)
    • Inability to express and understand spoken and written language (aphasia)
  • Non-pharmacological approaches for dementia care include:
    • Validating feelings to reduce irritability
    • Providing touch and reassurance to refocus on different thoughts and feelings
    • Enhancing quality of life through meaningful social interactions
    • Reducing disruptive behavior during and immediately after therapy

Depression

  • Depression is not a risk factor for delirium.
  • Symptoms of depression in older adults include:
    • Sadness
    • Loss of interest
    • Changes in appetite and sleep
    • Fatigue
  • Negative outcomes of depression in older adults include:
    • Decreased functionality
    • Increased morbidity
    • Decreased quality of life
  • Non-pharmacological treatment options for depression include:
    • Cognitive-behavioral therapy
    • Interpersonal therapy

Mental Capacity

  • LPNs should know that mental capacity refers to the ability to make informed decisions.

Parkinson's Disease

  • Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease include:
    • Tremors
    • Rigidity
    • Bradykinesia (slow movement)

Dementia-Responsive Behaviors

  • The main focus is on understanding and addressing the underlying causes of responsive behaviors.

Pain Perception

  • Pain perception changes in dementia, becoming more difficult to assess and manage.

GPA Approach

  • The main focus of the GPA approach in dementia care is on providing person-centered care.

Sundown Syndrome

  • Symptoms of Sundown Syndrome include:
    • Agitation
    • Aggression
    • Confusion
    • Restlessness
  • Nursing actions for addressing Sundown Syndrome include:
    • Providing a calm and peaceful environment
    • Reducing stimulation
    • Encouraging relaxation techniques

Wandering/Exiting Behaviors

  • Nursing actions for addressing wandering/exiting behaviors in dementia include:
    • Providing a safe and secure environment
    • Encouraging physical activity
    • Redirecting the individual to a safe area

Feeding Difficulties

  • Interventions for addressing feeding difficulties in dementia include:
    • Providing a calm and distraction-free environment
    • Encouraging independence
    • Offering assistance as needed

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