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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT one of the Three D's of Cognitive Impairment?
Which of the following is a risk factor for delirium?
Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of delirium?
Which cognitive impairment usually has a gradual onset and slow steady pattern of decline?
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What is the term for the inability to perform purposeful actions or movements?
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Which of the following is NOT a care strategy for delirium prevention?
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What is the term for the irreversible state that slowly progresses over years and causes memory impairment and loss of intellectual functions?
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What is the term for the inability to recognize common objects and people, despite good vision or intact sensory abilities?
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What is the term for the loss of the ability to express and understand spoken and written language?
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Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for delirium?
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Which of the following non-pharmacological approaches is based on the premise that orientation to person, place, and environment reduces responsive behaviors in individuals with dementia?
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Which non-pharmacological approach involves validating the feelings expressed by individuals with dementia in order to reduce irritability?
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Which non-pharmacological approach may help individuals with dementia refocus on different thoughts and feelings through touch and reassurance?
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Which non-pharmacological approach enhances the quality of life for individuals with dementia through meaningful social interactions?
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Which non-pharmacological approach is supported by research in reducing disruptive behavior during and immediately after therapy?
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Which approach should be avoided for extreme responsive behaviors in individuals with dementia?
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Which symptom is NOT associated with depression in older adults?
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What are some negative outcomes of depression in older adults?
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Which is a non-pharmacological treatment option for depression?
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What should LPNs know about mental capacity?
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Which type of dementia is the most common?
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What are the symptoms of Parkinson's Disease?
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What is the main focus of dementia-responsive behaviors?
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How does pain perception change in dementia?
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What is the main focus of the GPA approach in dementia care?
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What are the symptoms of Sundown Syndrome?
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What are the nursing actions for addressing wandering/exiting behaviors in dementia?
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What are the interventions for addressing feeding difficulties in dementia?
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What is the main goal of dementia care in the GPA approach?
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What is the main focus of the Sundown Syndrome nursing actions?
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Study Notes
Cognitive Impairment
- The Three D's of Cognitive Impairment are not specifically mentioned, but delirium, dementia, and depression are discussed.
- Delirium is a risk factor for dementia.
Delirium
- A distinguishing feature of delirium is a sudden onset and rapid decline.
- Risk factors for delirium include:
- Multiple medications
- Sensory impairment
- Infection
- Dehydration
- Electrolyte imbalance
- Care strategies for delirium prevention include:
- Reducing noise and stimulation
- Promoting sleep
- Encouraging mobility
- Providing visual aids and orientation cues
- Avoiding restraints
Dementia
- Dementia is a gradual onset and slow steady pattern of decline.
- Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia.
- Symptoms of dementia include:
- Memory impairment
- Loss of intellectual functions
- Inability to recognize common objects and people (agnosia)
- Inability to express and understand spoken and written language (aphasia)
- Non-pharmacological approaches for dementia care include:
- Validating feelings to reduce irritability
- Providing touch and reassurance to refocus on different thoughts and feelings
- Enhancing quality of life through meaningful social interactions
- Reducing disruptive behavior during and immediately after therapy
Depression
- Depression is not a risk factor for delirium.
- Symptoms of depression in older adults include:
- Sadness
- Loss of interest
- Changes in appetite and sleep
- Fatigue
- Negative outcomes of depression in older adults include:
- Decreased functionality
- Increased morbidity
- Decreased quality of life
- Non-pharmacological treatment options for depression include:
- Cognitive-behavioral therapy
- Interpersonal therapy
Mental Capacity
- LPNs should know that mental capacity refers to the ability to make informed decisions.
Parkinson's Disease
- Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease include:
- Tremors
- Rigidity
- Bradykinesia (slow movement)
Dementia-Responsive Behaviors
- The main focus is on understanding and addressing the underlying causes of responsive behaviors.
Pain Perception
- Pain perception changes in dementia, becoming more difficult to assess and manage.
GPA Approach
- The main focus of the GPA approach in dementia care is on providing person-centered care.
Sundown Syndrome
- Symptoms of Sundown Syndrome include:
- Agitation
- Aggression
- Confusion
- Restlessness
- Nursing actions for addressing Sundown Syndrome include:
- Providing a calm and peaceful environment
- Reducing stimulation
- Encouraging relaxation techniques
Wandering/Exiting Behaviors
- Nursing actions for addressing wandering/exiting behaviors in dementia include:
- Providing a safe and secure environment
- Encouraging physical activity
- Redirecting the individual to a safe area
Feeding Difficulties
- Interventions for addressing feeding difficulties in dementia include:
- Providing a calm and distraction-free environment
- Encouraging independence
- Offering assistance as needed
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Description
Test your knowledge on cognitive impairments and associated disorders in aging. Learn about the three D's of cognitive impairment - delirium, dementia, and depression - and understand the challenges in differentiating between them. Explore the rapid onset of delirium and the gradual progression of dementia. Assess your understanding of cognitive assessment in older adults.
