17 Questions
What are the seven prime duties described in Pluralistic Deontology by W.D. Ross?
Duty of beneficence, duty of nonmaleficence, duty of justice, duty of self-improvement, duty of reparation, duty of gratitude, duty of fidelity
Explain the duty of beneficence in Pluralistic Deontology.
To help other people improve their conditions, such as increasing their pleasure or improving their character.
How does Pluralistic Deontology define the duty of nonmaleficence?
To avoid harming other people.
What is the duty of justice according to Pluralistic Deontology?
To ensure people get what they deserve.
Describe the duty of gratitude in Pluralistic Deontology.
To return favors that others have done.
What is the main focus of utilitarian moral theory according to Peter Singer?
Equal consideration of interest
Define Divine Command Theory in the context of deontological theory.
An action is right if God has declared it as right, and an act is obligatory if commanded by God.
What is the main principle of Natural Rights Theory?
Humans have absolute natural rights.
Explain Contractarianism in the context of ethics.
It pertains to the theory concerning the origin or legitimate content of moral norms.
What is the main idea behind the Social Contract theory?
People give up some rights to a government or authority to maintain social order.
Explain the concept of Individual self-interest.
Individuals consider only their own utility when making decisions.
What principle does utilitarianism focus on?
The principle of utility
How did Jeremy Bentham equate utilitarianism?
To a view called 'Hedonism'
What does deontological theory emphasize?
Duty or obligation
What does the phrase 'people have an obligation to respect the rights of the individual' reflect?
Deontological theory
What is the central idea behind the phrase 'the greatest good for the greatest number'?
Utilitarianism
What does hedonism consider as the only intrinsic goods?
Pleasure and happiness
Explore the key principles of utilitarian moral theory, including the consideration of individual self-interest, group welfare, and the importance of everyone affected by moral judgments. Learn about Peter Singer's concept of 'equal consideration of interest' and how utilitarians prioritize actual consequences in moral decision-making.
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