Utilitarianism and Kantian Ethics Quiz

True (A)

The defense of utilitarianism often questions whether morally repugnant actions truly lead to positive consequences in practice.

<p>disinterested and benevolent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Too Demanding = Utilitarianism expects individuals to donate most of their possessions to those in need. Harms Personal Relationships = Utilitarianism treats loved ones the same as strangers, undermining the importance of partiality in close relationships. Neglects Justice = Utilitarianism can justify actions that violate individual rights and fairness, such as framing an innocent person. Impoverishes Individuals = Utilitarianism can lead to individuals sacrificing their personal goals and joys to solely focus on helping others. Weakens Personal Relationships = Utilitarianism's impartial approach ignores the importance of partiality in close relationships, prioritizing general happiness over individual bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It demonstrates how utilitarianism can lead to morally reprehensible actions to achieve the best outcome. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One possible negative outcome is the erosion of trust in the justice system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their rationality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Treating someone 'as an end' means promoting their welfare, respecting their rights, and not manipulating them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Categorical</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intrinsic worth = Value that is inherent and not derived from outside factors. Categorical Imperative = A principle demanding treating humanity as an end and never as a means only. Rationality = The ability to reason and think logically. Good will = Acting out of moral duty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The decision to use the bomb was morally justified. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because humans are irreplaceable and have intrinsic worth, unlike 'mere things' which can be replaced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lying breaks the absolute moral law of truthfulness. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Situations where lying may be morally acceptable to prevent greater harm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>God's providence</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kant = Lying is always wrong regardless of outcomes. Peter Geach = Moral conflicts do not occur in reality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They smuggled Jewish refugees and sometimes lied. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Telling the truth can also lead to harm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Principle of Utility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Peeping Tom example</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Principle of Utility = Guides moral decisions based on outcomes Common moral consciousness = Influenced by societal norms and biases Rule-Utilitarianism = Focuses on rules that generally promote utility Gunnar Myrdal = Examined cultural influences on moral beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Revising the theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may not align with common moral intuition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Actions should be universalizable maxims. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lying would undermine trust and make communication impossible if universalized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>reason</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One must not lie, even to save a life. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Whenever you need money, promise to repay it even if you can't; this would lead to a lack of trust in promises.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Personal relationships and emotional connections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Many children with HIV do not receive proper care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>nonhuman animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Care can only exist with personal interaction between the carer and the cared-for. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may lead to neglecting the needs of those we do not have close bonds with.</p> Signup and view all the answers

An ethical theory that prioritizes the greatest happiness for the greatest number.

The idea that everyone's happiness should be treated equally without bias.

Actions that go above and beyond moral duty, typically viewed as heroic or generous.

Treating all individuals equally, without favoring friends or family.

Impartiality can undermine close relationships by treating everyone the same.

Arguments against utilitarianism focus on justice, rights, and its real-world implications.

Hypothetical scenarios used to challenge moral theories, showing potential failures.

Utilitarianism evaluates morality based on outcomes rather than intentions.

The ethical principle that actions are right if they promote the greatest happiness.

A modification of utilitarianism that supports following rules that generally maximize happiness.

The instinctive moral beliefs held by the majority, which may conflict with utilitarian reasoning.

Factors that shape beliefs and moral judgments, often obscuring underlying biases.

Mistakes in moral beliefs from the past, often based on prejudice that are now rejected.

The idea that future societies may judge our current moral approaches as flawed.

Kant believed lying is wrong, as it violates the moral law of truthfulness.

Kant argued we cannot predict the consequences of lying with certainty.

A scenario where lying may be morally acceptable to prevent greater harm, like saving a life.

Dilemmas arise when two absolute moral rules conflict, leading to difficult choices.

Geach claimed that God’s rational governance prevents real moral conflicts.

Examples like Dutch fishermen in WWII illustrate real moral conflicts and the necessity of making tough choices.

The idea that some moral rules are definitive, but conflicts challenge their absoluteness.

Faced with conflicting moral rules, individuals must decide which to prioritize, often under pressure.

An ethical perspective prioritizing personal relationships and care over duty.

Loving relationships are driven by care, not just duty or obligation.

Care exists through direct interaction between the caregiver and recipient.

The ethics of care argues we only feel duty to those we know personally.

Moral obligations to animals depend on personal relationships with them.

Combining personal care with broader obligations to others.

The ethics of care challenges the impartiality of traditional moral theories.

Ethics of care redefines moral duties to prioritize emotional connections.

Kant's belief that humans have inherent value above all else.

Items that can be replaced, unlike humans with intrinsic worth.

Humans as beings capable of setting goals and making decisions.

Kant's principle to treat humanity as an end, not merely as a means.

Using someone solely for your own goals, without regard for them.

Kant's emphasis on promoting welfare and respecting the rights of individuals.

Kant condemned cruelty for making individuals harsher towards others.

Desires that Kant believed only rational humans possess, unlike animals.

The underlying rule that guides one's actions.

Determining if an action aligns with universal moral laws.

The process of applying a maxim universally to judge its morality.

Kant believed lying is morally wrong in every circumstance.

A thought experiment questioning whether to lie to a murderer.

Kant argued lying destroys human dignity.

Kant emphasized duties based on reason, not desires.