Pharma-Arryhthmias Q6
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Questions and Answers

uses of class 4 (ca++ drugs).

1- atrial fibrillation, 2- paroxysmal super ventricular tachycardia. 3- also dilate blood vessels. 4- as antihypertensive and abtianginal medications.

cardioselective class 4 drug that's also a-blocker Na+ blocker.

Verapamil.

non cardio selective class 4 that has more effect on BP

diltiazem.

side effect of class 4 drugs (verapamil, diltiazem)

<p>hypotension, dizziness, oedema,, constipation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

how does Digoxin work?

<p>to treat tachycardia. inhibits Na+/K+ pump that normally Na+ out and K+in&gt; Na+ build up inside which will also lead to build up of ca++ inside. Up the contractility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

what effect digoxin have on vagus nerve?

<p>increases AcH release which will activate and bind to M2 receptors (Gi)&gt; increase K+ efflux in nodal cells&gt;hyperpolraization (more negative).</p> Signup and view all the answers

effect of digoxin on myocytes

<p>inhibit Na+/K+ pump&gt;Na+ build up&gt;inside more positive&gt;myocytes depolarised&gt;increased intracellular Ca2+&gt;positive inotropic (increased contractility)&gt;shorten AP ( reduced ca entry).</p> Signup and view all the answers

SE of digoxin?

<p>very low TI (risk of toxicity), dizziness, confusion, fatigue, nausea and vomiting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

mechanism of Adenosine.

<p>adenosine binds/activate A1 receptors (Gi linked) in (AV) node&gt;open K+ channel&gt;K+ flow out of the cell&gt;inside of the cell is more negative (hyperpolarisation)&gt;harder to fire AP&gt;slow conduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

emergency IV medication to be used for superventricular tachycardias and its very-short acting (in secs).

<p>Adenosine.</p> <p>can be also used as vasodilator, brochoconstricter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Class 4 drugs

Calcium channel blockers used to treat abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) and high blood pressure.

Class 4 drug uses

Treat atrial fibrillation, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, and high blood pressure, and angina.

Verapamil

Cardioselective Class 4 drug, also a calcium channel blocker and a sodium channel blocker.

Diltiazem

Non-cardioselective Class 4 drug, affecting blood pressure more.

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Class 4 side effects

Hypotension, dizziness, edema (swelling), and constipation.

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Digoxin mechanism

Slows heart rate, boosts heart contraction by inhibiting the sodium/potassium pump leading to calcium build-up.

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Digoxin's effect on Vagus nerve

Increases acetylcholine release, which slows heart rate via hyperpolarization of nodal cells.

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Digoxin effect on myocytes

Increases intracellular calcium, resulting in stronger heart contractions (positive inotropy).

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Digoxin side effects

Toxicity risk (narrow therapeutic index), dizziness, confusion, nausea, and vomiting.

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Adenosine mechanism

Slows heart rate by hyperpolarizing the AV node. Binds to A1 receptors which opens potassium channels.

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