Uses and distribution of minerals like Aluminium, Mica
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Questions and Answers

Which characteristic of aluminium makes it valuable for various applications?

  • Its high density and poor conductivity.
  • Its brittleness and low melting point.
  • Its combination of strength, lightness, good conductivity, and malleability. (correct)
  • Its opacity and high reactivity with air.

Bauxite deposits are formed as a result of what?

  • The accumulation of sediments in deep ocean trenches.
  • The compression of organic matter over millions of years.
  • The decomposition of rocks rich in aluminium silicates. (correct)
  • Volcanic activity and rapid cooling of lava.

In which of the following regions are India's primary bauxite deposits located?

  • The Thar Desert.
  • The Himalayan mountain range.
  • The Amarkantak plateau, Maikal hills, and Bilaspur-Katni plateau region. (correct)
  • The coastal plains of Kerala.

What historical significance is associated with aluminium during the time of Emperor Napoleon III?

<p>Aluminium was used for buttons/hooks on clothing and serving food to honored guests, signifying its high value. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the geological association of limestone?

<p>Sedimentary rocks composed of calcium or calcium and magnesium carbonates. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is limestone utilized in the industry?

<p>As a basic raw material for the cement industry and in smelting iron ore. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristics of mica make it suitable for use in the electrical and electronics industries?

<p>Its excellent di-electric strength, low power loss factor, insulating properties, and resistance to high voltage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which of the following regions are mica deposits predominantly found in India?

<p>The northern edge of the Chota Nagpur plateau, including the Koderma-Gaya-Hazaribagh belt. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is copper widely used in electrical and electronic industries?

<p>Because it is malleable, ductile, and a good conductor. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes India's position in copper reserves and production?

<p>India is critically deficient in both copper reserves and production. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of mineral transportation, what method is used to transport ore from Kudremukh in Karnataka?

<p>As a slurry through a pipeline to a port near Mangaluru. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary ore from which alumina and aluminum are extracted?

<p>Bauxite (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following states is NOT a major copper producing region in India?

<p>Odisha (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the provided data, which state was the leading producer of bauxite in India during 2018-19?

<p>Odisha (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the Panchpatmali deposits, known for being the most significant bauxite deposits, located?

<p>Koraput district (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary economic activity associated with the Maharashtra-Goa belt?

<p>Iron ore mining (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral, crucial for the electrical industry, would most likely be extracted from veins and lodes?

<p>Copper (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely origin of a mineral deposit primarily composed of halite?

<p>Evaporation of saline water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A construction company needs to source a large quantity of raw material for cement production. Considering both the material's composition and origin, which option is the most suitable?

<p>Limestone from sedimentary deposits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a region known for placer deposits, which mineral would prospectors most likely target?

<p>Tin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a geologist is exploring a site with tertiary-age coal deposits, which region of India is the geologist most likely exploring?

<p>North-East India (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a direct hazard typically faced by miners, as highlighted in the provided content?

<p>Economic instability due to fluctuating mineral prices. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant environmental consequence of mining operations?

<p>Contamination of water sources and degradation of land and soil. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason mineral resources are considered finite and non-renewable?

<p>Their formation requires geological processes that take millions of years. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the text emphasize the need for a 'concerted effort' in using mineral resources?

<p>To manage mineral resources sustainably due to their finite nature. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest as a method to sustainably manage mineral resources?

<p>Recycling metals and using substitute materials. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between continued ore extraction and the costs associated with it?

<p>Costs increase as mineral extraction occurs from greater depths and quality decreases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do 'improved technologies' contribute to the conservation of mineral resources, according to the content?

<p>By allowing the use of low-grade ores at low costs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred from the text about the long-term impact of current mineral consumption rates?

<p>Mineral deposits will be exhausted, impacting industries and agriculture. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which geological structures are most commonly associated with petroleum occurrences in India, particularly within the tertiary age rock formations?

<p>Anticlines and fault traps (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are non-porous layers important in the context of oil deposits found in porous limestone or sandstone?

<p>They prevent the oil from rising or sinking. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of petroleum deposits, what is the typical position of natural gas relative to oil?

<p>Natural gas, being lighter, usually occurs above the oil. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides Mumbai High and Assam, which area is recognized as a major petroleum production region in India?

<p>Gujarat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does natural gas play once crude oil is extracted and brought to the surface?

<p>It can be used as a domestic and industrial fuel. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the development of a country linked to its per capita electricity consumption?

<p>Per capita consumption is directly proportional to development. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the methods of electricity generation, what distinguishes hydroelectric power from thermal power?

<p>Hydroelectric power uses renewable resources; thermal power uses fuels. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides power generation, what is another significant purpose served by multipurpose projects like the Bhakra Nangal and Damodar Valley Corporation?

<p>Generating hydroelectric power (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the increasing energy consumption in India since its independence?

<p>Implementation of economic development plans. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the dual approach needed for sustainable energy development?

<p>Promoting energy conservation and increasing the use of renewable energy sources. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of tidal energy generation, how do floodgate dams function?

<p>They trap water during high tide and release it through turbines to generate electricity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where in India are the geothermal experimental projects located?

<p>Himachal Pradesh and Ladakh (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant challenge India faces regarding energy efficiency compared to other countries?

<p>India is one of the least energy-efficient countries. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which coastal regions in India are identified as having ideal conditions for tidal energy utilization?

<p>Gulf of Khambhat, Gulf of Kuchchh, and Gangetic delta in Sunderban (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Suppose India aims to significantly reduce its carbon footprint. Which strategy aligns best with the information provided?

<p>Implementing strict energy conservation measures and investing heavily in renewable energy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a new industrial zone is being planned, what energy strategy would be most sustainable based on the provided information?

<p>Implementing a mix of renewable energy sources and energy-efficient technologies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines the economic viability of a mineral reserve?

<p>The concentration of mineral in the ore, ease of extraction, and proximity to the market. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of mineral extraction, what distinguishes a 'mineral deposit' or 'reserve' from a 'mine'?

<p>A deposit is a potential source; it becomes a mine only after a choice is made for extraction to meet demand. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of ferrous minerals in the context of India's economy?

<p>They form the basis for the development of metallurgical industries. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does India utilize its ferrous mineral resources?

<p>India exports significant quantities of ferrous minerals after satisfying internal demands. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Magnetite ore?

<p>It is the finest iron ore, containing a very high iron content, up to 70%. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Northeast India, mineral resources, unlike much of the rest of India, are often controlled by whom?

<p>Individuals or communities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'rat-hole' mining, as practiced in Jowai and Cherapunjee, Meghalaya?

<p>Extraction by family members done through long, narrow tunnels. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of the National Green Tribunal declaring 'rat-hole' mining illegal?

<p>It promotes safer and more sustainable mining practices. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary environmental concern associated with the increased reliance on fossil fuels for energy production?

<p>Exacerbation of environmental problems. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to the uncertainty surrounding future energy supplies in India?

<p>Rising prices and potential shortages of oil and gas. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does altering the structure of atoms contribute to energy production in nuclear power plants?

<p>It releases energy in the form of heat, which is used to generate electric power. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of energy resources, what is a key characteristic that distinguishes non-conventional sources from conventional sources?

<p>Non-conventional sources are renewable. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apart from Tamil Nadu, which other state is notable for having significant wind farm installations?

<p>Karnataka (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of non-renewable fossil fuels in thermal power stations?

<p>To generate electricity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a direct consequence of India's growing energy consumption?

<p>Greater reliance on imported fossil fuels. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor would be MOST influential in determining the feasibility of a new wind farm?

<p>Consistency and speed of wind patterns. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the MOST accurate definition of a mineral, as geologists define it?

<p>A homogenous, naturally occurring substance with a definable internal structure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do physical and chemical conditions influence mineral formation?

<p>They dictate the properties such as color, hardness, and crystal forms of a mineral. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between veins and lodes in the context of mineral deposits?

<p>Veins are smaller occurrences, while lodes are larger. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what types of rocks are veins and lodes commonly found, and how are they formed?

<p>Igneous and metamorphic rocks; formed as minerals in liquid and gaseous forms are forced upward through cavities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding the type of formation in which minerals occur important for mineral extraction?

<p>It determines the relative ease and cost of mining the mineral ores. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the concentration of minerals in a rock influence its economic viability?

<p>A rock must contain a sufficient concentration of minerals to make extraction commercially viable. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Although over 2000 minerals have been identified, what characterizes the minerals found abundantly in most rocks?

<p>Only a few are abundantly found. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the human use of minerals, which statement demonstrates their importance across various aspects of life?

<p>Minerals are used in food, implements, machinery, construction, decoration, and more; showing their multifaceted importance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is India considered 'critically deficient' in copper, despite its uses in various industries?

<p>Domestic reserves and production levels are insufficient to meet its industrial demands. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A company requires a mineral that is both malleable and ductile for manufacturing electrical wires. Which mineral would be most suitable based on the information?

<p>Copper (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the geological conditions in regions like Balaghat, Khetri and Singhbhum based on their copper production?

<p>These regions likely have a history of volcanic activity or hydrothermal alteration leading to copper mineralization. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What accounts for aluminium's suitability in applications requiring both strength and lightweight properties?

<p>Its unique combination of strength, lightness, conductivity and malleability. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which geological setting is most conducive to the formation of bauxite deposits?

<p>Areas rich in aluminium silicates undergoing decomposition. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the method of transporting ore as slurry through a pipeline impact the environment, compared to traditional methods like trucking or trains?

<p>Slurry pipelines significantly reduce air pollution and habitat disruption associated with surface transport. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technological advancement directly led to the widespread use of aluminium, moving it from luxury to common use?

<p>Development of advanced smelting techniques. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides its use in the electrical industry, what other major industry benefits from copper's properties?

<p>Chemical industries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between bauxite and alumina regarding their role in aluminum production?

<p>Bauxite is the ore from which alumina is extracted, and alumina is then processed to obtain aluminum. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary role does limestone play in the process of smelting iron ore?

<p>It serves as a flux to remove impurities from the iron ore. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most significant property of mica that makes it essential for use in the electrical and electronics industries?

<p>Its excellent dielectric strength, low power loss factor and insulating properties. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might the concentration of bauxite deposits in specific regions, like Odisha's Panchpatmali, affect local economic development?

<p>It often stimulates industrial growth, infrastructure development, and job creation in mining and related industries. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the geographical distribution of bauxite, what strategies could Odisha implement to maximize the economic benefits from its bauxite reserves?

<p>Invest in local alumina and aluminum processing plants to increase the value of exports. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the geological characteristics of the Chota Nagpur Plateau, what combination of minerals would prospectors most likely find in this region?

<p>Mica, bauxite, and limestone. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In geothermal energy production, what geological feature is commonly associated with areas like the Parvati Valley and Puga Valley?

<p>Areas with significant past volcanic activity and tectonic movement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of geological formation is limestone most commonly found, considering its origin and composition?

<p>Sedimentary rocks composed of calcium and magnesium carbonates. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the operation of a floodgate dam for tidal energy generation primarily balance energy capture with environmental impact?

<p>By regulating water flow to generate electricity while allowing continued tidal activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinctive structural property of mica allows it to be uniquely suited for applications requiring thin, insulating sheets?

<p>Its laminar structure, which allows it to be easily split into thin sheets. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key challenge hindering India's progress towards improved energy efficiency when compared to global standards?

<p>A current standing as one of the least energy-efficient countries globally (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the need for a 'sustainable path of energy development,' what is the relationship between energy conservation and renewable energy sources?

<p>They are complementary components, both required for achieving sustainable energy development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What strategic approach would best balance India's growing energy demands with its commitment to environmental sustainability when planning new infrastructure projects?

<p>Integrating energy-efficient technologies and renewable energy sources into project designs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are economic development plans since Independence related to energy consumption trends in India?

<p>They resulted in a steady increase in energy consumption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can a 'cautious approach' to the use of limited energy resources practically influence individual energy consumption habits?

<p>By promoting energy conservation practices, such as using public transportation and energy-efficient appliances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the geographic distribution of tidal energy potential in India, what is the primary factor contributing to ideal conditions in the Gulf of Khambhat and Kuchchh?

<p>Unique coastal topography that amplifies tidal range (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

  • Minerals and energy resources are essential to daily life and economic development.

Minerals and Their Importance

  • The Earth's crust consists of various minerals embedded in rocks.
  • Minerals are extracted from these rocks after refinement.
  • Minerals are indispensable, used in everything from pins to buildings.
  • They're components of infrastructure, vehicles, and even food.
  • Historically, minerals have been used for livelihood, decoration, and rituals.
  • Toothpaste contains minerals like silica, limestone, and aluminum oxide for cleaning.
  • Fluoride in toothpaste comes from fluorite and reduces cavities.
  • Titanium oxide makes toothpaste white.
  • Mica provides the sparkle
  • Life processes require minerals, though they make up only 0.3% of nutrient intake.
  • Without minerals, the body cannot utilize the other 99.7% of foodstuffs.

Defining and Classifying Minerals

  • Geologists define a mineral as a homogenous, naturally occurring substance with a definable internal structure.
  • Minerals vary widely, from diamond to talc, due to different formation conditions.
  • Geologists classify minerals based on their properties like color, hardness, and density.
  • Geographers study minerals to understand landforms and economic activities.
  • Geologists study mineral formation, age, and composition.

Occurrence of Minerals

  • Minerals are typically found in ores, which are mixtures of minerals and other elements.
  • A mineral's content in an ore must be sufficiently concentrated for viable extraction.
  • The formation type determines the ease and cost of mining.

Formation Types

  • In igneous and metamorphic rocks, minerals occur in cracks, crevices, faults, or joints as veins and lodes.
  • They form as liquid/molten and gaseous minerals cool and solidify while rising to the surface.
  • Sedimentary rocks contain minerals in beds or layers, formed by deposition and accumulation.
  • Coal and iron ore are concentrated through heat and pressure in horizontal strata.
  • Evaporation in arid regions leads to the formation of gypsum, potash salt, and sodium salt.
  • Decomposition of surface rocks and removal of soluble constituents leaves a residual mass of weathered material containing ores, e.g., bauxite.

Classifying Minerals

  • Minerals are classified as Metallic, Non-Metallic, and Energy Minerals.
  • Metallic minerals are further broken down into Ferrous, Non-Ferrous, and Precious.
  • Ferrous contain iron, such as iron ore, manganese, and nickel.
  • Non-Ferrous do not contain iron, such as copper, lead, tin, and bauxite.
  • Precious include gold, silver, and platinum.
  • Non-Metallic include mica, salt, sulfur, granite, limestone, marble, and sandstone.
  • Energy Minerals include coal, petroleum, and natural gas.

Alluvial and Ocean Deposits

  • Minerals can occur as alluvial deposits in valley floors and hill bases, known as placer deposits.
  • Placer deposits contain gold, silver, tin, and platinum, which are not corroded by water.
  • Ocean waters contain vast quantities of minerals, but are too diffused to be economically viable.
  • Common salt, magnesium, and bromine are derived from ocean waters, while manganese nodules are found on ocean beds.

Mineral Distribution in India

  • Most minerals in India are nationalized, requiring government permission for extraction.
  • In northeast tribal areas, individuals or communities own minerals.
  • Rat-hole mining, a narrow tunnel method used in Meghalaya for coal mining, has been declared illegal.
  • India has varied, unevenly distributed mineral resources.
  • Peninsular rocks contain most coal, metallic, and non-metallic minerals.
  • Sedimentary rocks in Gujarat and Assam have petroleum deposits.
  • Rajasthan has non-ferrous mineral reserves.
  • North India's alluvial plains lack economic minerals due to geological history.

Economic Viability

  • Economic viability depends on mineral concentration, extraction ease, and market proximity.

Ferrous Minerals

  • Ferrous minerals contribute about three-fourths of the total value of metallic mineral production.
  • They are the base for metallurgical industries and significant exports.
  • Iron ore is a basic mineral for industrial development, with abundant resources in India.
  • Magnetite is high-quality iron ore (up to 70% iron) with excellent magnetic qualities.
  • Hematite is the most used industrial iron ore, though with slightly lower iron content (50-60%).
  • Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, and Jharkhand produce 97% of India's iron ore.

Major Iron Ore Belts

  • Odisha-Jharkhand belt has high-grade hematite ore in Badampahar mines.
  • Durg-Bastar-Chandrapur belt in Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra has very high-grade hematite in the Bailadila range.
  • Ballari-Chitradurga-Chikkamagaluru-Tumakuru belt in Karnataka contains Kudremukh mines, which is an export unit, and the ore is transported as slurry via pipeline to Mangaluru.
  • Maharashtra-Goa belt exploits efficiently Goa and Ratnagiri, exporting through Marmagao port.

Manganese

  • Manganese is used mainly in steel and ferro-manganese alloy manufacturing.
  • About 10 kg of manganese is required per tonne of steel.
  • It is also used in bleaching powder, insecticides, and paints.

Non-Ferrous Minerals

  • India has limited reserves of Bauxite, copper, lead, zinc and gold .
  • These minerals are vital to metallurgical, engineering, and electrical industries.

Copper

  • India is deficient in copper reserves and production.
  • Copper is used in electrical cables, electronics, and chemical industries due to properties
  • Balaghat mines, Khetri mines and Singhbhum district are leading copper producers.

Bauxite

  • Bauxite, a clay-like substance contains aluminum.
  • Bauxite deposits form from the decomposition of aluminum-rich rocks.
  • Aluminium a metal combining strength, lightness, conductivity and malleability.
  • Amarkantak plateau, Maikal hills, and Bilaspur-Katni regions have India’s bauxite deposits
  • Odisha is the largest bauxite producing state.

Non-Metallic Minerals

  • Mica is a mineral made of plates/leaves, splitting into thin sheets.
  • It has excellent dielectric strength and resistance to high voltage.
  • Is Indispensable in electric and electronic industries.
  • Chota Nagpur plateau, Koderma Gaya - Hazaribagh belt is a producer.
  • Rajasthan and Nellore produce Mica.

Rock Minerals

  • Limestone is found in sedimentary rocks with calcium carbonates.
  • It is a raw material for the cement industry and iron ore smelting.

Mining Hazards

  • Mining can lead to pulmonary diseases, collapsing mine roofs, inundation, and fires.
  • Mining contaminates water sources and degrades land through waste and slurry.

Conservation of Minerals

  • Appreciate industry and agriculture dependence on minerals.
  • Mineral deposits make up 1% of Earth's crust.
  • Mineral resources are created and concentrated over millions of years.
  • Extraction leads to increasing costs and decreasing quality
  • Use resources in sustainable ways, evolve technologies, recycle metals and use substitutes.

Energy Resources

  • Energy is a basic requirement.
  • Sources are classified as conventional and non-conventional.
  • Conventional include firewood, dung cake, coal, petroleum, natural gas, and electricity(hydel and thermal).
  • Sources include water, wind, tidal, geothermal, biogas, and atomic energy.
  • Most common in rural areas.

Conventional Sources of Energy

  • Coal is the most abundant fuel, use for power, industry, and domestic needs.
  • Plant material compressed over millions of years becomes coal.
  • Peat is low-carbon with high moisture
  • Lignite is low-grade brown coal, and Neyveli is used for generating electricity.
  • Bituminous coal is commercial and used for iron smelting.
  • Anthracite is the highest quality.
  • India’s ages of coal in Gondwana, and tertiary deposits.
  • Gondwana metallurgical is located in Damodar valley.
  • Bokaro are important coalfields.
  • Godavari, Mahanadi, Son and Wardha valleys also contain coal deposits.
  • Tertiary coals occur in the north eastern states of Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland.
  • Industries are located near coalfields because coal loses weight.

Petroleum

  • Petroleum or mineral oil is a major energy source that provides fuel, heat, lubricants.
  • Petroleum refineries act as a "nodal industry" synthetic industry.
  • It also used in fertilizers.
  • Occurrences are associated with anticlines and fault traps in tertiary rock.
  • Oil is trapped in crest of the upfold, the oil-bearing layer is a porous.
  • The oil is prevented from rising or sinking by intervening non-porous layers.
  • Gas occurs above the oil.
  • Mumbai High, Gujarat and Assam are major deposits in India
  • Ankeleshwar is the most field in Gujarat oldest oil producing State of India
  • Digboi, Naharkatiya and Moran-Hugrijan are the important oil fields in the state.

Natural Gas

  • Is used as a domestic and industrial fuel.
  • Used as fuel in the power sector
  • For heating in industries, and fertilizers.
  • With gas infrastructure is emerging as cooking fuel
  • Mumbai high and Gujrat have Major gas reserves.
  • 1,700 km long Mumbai-Vijaipur-Jagdishpur HVJ gas pipeline, links Mumbai and gas fields .
  • Overall, infrastructure has Expanded over ten times.
  • Country connects all markets.

Electricity

  • Generates electricity through water turbines.
  • Other fuels are coal.
  • Hydroelectricity is generated by fast flowing water like in the Bhakra Nangal.
  • Thermal runs on coal.

Non-Conventional Sources of Energy

  • Consumption has resulted in dependency on fuel oils.
  • Which has increased the demand of renewable resources.

Nuclear/Atomic Energy

  • This contains much energy.
  • Available in Jharkhand and Rajasthan.
  • Atomic stations are found in Kerala.

Solar Energy

  • India is the leading place to tap into the suns energy.
  • Is converting sun into electricity through a technology Called Photovoltaic.
  • Used for rural needs.
  • Power plants are being established.

Wind power

  • India is largest.
  • Andhra, Gujrat, Kerala and Maharashtra, have wind power.
  • Nagarcoli and Jaisalmer are well know for wind energy.

Biogas

  • Used for homes, and decomposition and plants.
  • Provides benefits to farms.

Tidal energy

  • Electricity can be obtained on coast and dams
  • Water can be transferred from pipes.
  • Gujrat and Gangetic deltas have perfect tides.

Geo Thermal Energy

  • Geo comes from earth and heat.
  • High level of earth’s hot conditions.
  • India has springs and could be used for electricity.
  • Projects have happened as of late.

Conservation of Energy Resources

  • Energy is a basic requirement.
  • Development plans and amounts of energy need improving.
  • Promote new energy so countries can evolve!
  • India is the one of least countries in the world, Conscious approach, using electricity, using new sources.
  • Energy saved is produced.

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This lesson explores the properties, distribution, and uses of key minerals like aluminum, mica, and copper. It covers bauxite formation, limestone usage, and mineral transportation methods in India. Learn about the regions with the highest mineral deposits.

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