US Society in the 1920s Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

How many people attended the cinema in the 1920s?

95 million people a week in 1929.

What was Clara Bow known for?

Leading political protests

Known as the 'It' girl (correct)

Being a famous singer

Writing novels

What was the first talkie film? When was it released?

The Jazz Singer, released in October 1927.

What was the Hays Code?

An industry guideline introduced in 1930 to regulate film content. Signup and view all the answers

Which sports became popular during the 1920s?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What style of music became popular during the 1920s? Why?

Jazz and blues, brought by African Americans migrating to cities. Signup and view all the answers

What was the irony surrounding the Cotton Club?

It was a strictly white club but had black performers. Signup and view all the answers

Examples of dance crazes in the 1920s include?

Charleston Signup and view all the answers

What evidence is there of the popularity of radio?

1 radio station in 1921 to 508 in 1922; $600 million in radio sales by 1929. Signup and view all the answers

What was a flapper?

A modern woman who wore short dresses, smoked, drank, and had short hairstyles. Signup and view all the answers

What happened to fashion at the time?

Fashion became less conservative and more vibrant. Signup and view all the answers

Were most women flappers?

False Signup and view all the answers

What evidence is there that women made progress in the 1920s?

10 million women held jobs by 1929; women gained the right to vote. Signup and view all the answers

What evidence is there that life didn't change for women in the 1920s?

Women often held low-paid jobs, and many were still expected to marry and have children. Signup and view all the answers

When did women win the right to vote? What was the name of the law?

In 1920, the 19th Amendment gave women the vote. Signup and view all the answers

What happened to divorce rates during this period?

Divorce rates rose to 166 out of every 1000 by 1928. Signup and view all the answers

What evidence is there that women did or did not have better employment opportunities in the 1920s?

Many women were in low-paid jobs; the percentage of female clerical workers increased. Signup and view all the answers

Why did many Americans want to limit immigration in the 1920s?

Fear of radical ideas brought by immigrants and economic issues after WW1. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Red Scare?

A period of heightened fear of communism following the Russian Revolution. Signup and view all the answers

How was immigration limited in the 1920s?

The Johnson-Reid Act of 1924 imposed a quota on immigrants. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the two most famous victims of the Red Scare?

Sacco and Vanzetti. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Sacco and Vanzetti case?

They were Italian anarchists arrested for robbery and murder, later executed. Signup and view all the answers

Why were Sacco and Vanzetti executed?

Due to judge Webster Thayer's prejudice and desire to punish radicals. Signup and view all the answers

Why did some people believe Sacco and Vanzetti were innocent?

The judge was prejudiced and evidence didn't conclusively link them to the crime. Signup and view all the answers

What were the Jim Crow Laws?

Laws that enforced racial segregation and disenfranchised black individuals. Signup and view all the answers

What evidence is there of the popularity of the Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s?

Membership peaked at 5 million in 1925 after being revived in 1915. Signup and view all the answers

Why did so many Americans join the KKK in the 1920s?

The KKK was portrayed positively by the film 'The Birth of a Nation'. Signup and view all the answers

How many lynchings took place each year?

About 50 lynchings a year in the early 1920s in the South. Signup and view all the answers

What other problems did black Americans face during this decade?

They lived in the poorest housing and faced job discrimination. Signup and view all the answers

Why had KKK membership declined by 1929?

Scandals like the Grand Wizard's conviction damaged the Klan's reputation. Signup and view all the answers

When was prohibition introduced? What was the law called?

Prohibition was introduced in January 1920, known as the Volstead Act. Signup and view all the answers

Why was prohibition introduced?

Concerns over moral decline and the influence of alcohol on society. Signup and view all the answers

How did most people ignore prohibition laws?

By operating stills and speakeasies. Signup and view all the answers

What was moonshine and where was it made?

Homemade alcohol made in stills. Signup and view all the answers

Why was prohibition difficult to enforce?

Due to widespread stills, organized crime, and corruption. Signup and view all the answers

How much smuggling went on at this time?

$6 billion made from the sale of alcohol; many gang-related murders. Signup and view all the answers

How did the influence of gangsters grow?

Through political connections and substantial profits from illegal activities. Signup and view all the answers

Name a famous massacre during the prohibition era.

St. Valentine's Day massacre (1929). Signup and view all the answers

Why did prohibition fail?

High demand and the opening of many speakeasies. Signup and view all the answers

Who repealed prohibition and why?

Franklin D. Roosevelt repealed it on December 5, 1933. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Attendance at the Cinema

In 1929, weekly cinema attendance reached 95 million people.

Clara Bow

Clara Bow became famous as the 'it' girl, embodying sex appeal.
Her reputation for wild parties and love affairs raised concerns among conservative Americans regarding pre-marital sexual relationships.

The First Talkie Film

"The Jazz Singer," the first talkie film, was released in October 1927.

Hays Code

The Hays Code was enacted in 1930 due to concerns over film morality.
Prohibited key elements like nudity, sexual dance sequences, and portrayed adultery negatively.

Popular Sports

Golf gained fame through Bob Jones.
Boxing became prominent with Jack Dempsey.
Baseball star 'Babe' Ruth became an iconic figure of the sport.

Rise of Jazz and Blues

Migration of African Americans from rural areas to cities popularized jazz and blues music.

Irony of the Cotton Club

The Cotton Club, a prominent New York nightclub, was strictly whites-only despite featuring black performers.

Dance Crazes

The Charleston and Black Bottom dances epitomized sexual suggestiveness, shocking the older generation.

Popularity of Radio

Growth from one radio station in 1921 to 508 by 1922.
Radio sales skyrocketed from $2 in 1920 to $600 million by 1929, with NBC earning $150 million annually.

Definition of a Flapper

Flappers were women known for their short dresses, smoking, drinking, sports participation, and social independence.

Fashion Trends

Fashion became more extravagant, with shorter and more vibrant dresses marking a liberal shift.

Presence of Flappers

Many women were not flappers; rural women often lacked the means and opportunity to embrace the flapper lifestyle.

Progress for Women

Urban women saw job opportunities rise by 24%, with 10 million employed by 1929; suffrage was granted with the 19th Amendment.

Continuing Challenges for Women

Most women remained in low-paying jobs, faced gender discrimination, and flapper culture primarily represented urban upper-class women.

Women's Suffrage

The 19th Amendment, passed in 1920, granted women the right to vote.

Divorce Rates

By 1928, divorce rates rose to 166 per 1000 marriages, compared to 81 per 1000 in 1900.

Employment Opportunities for Women

While female clerical positions grew, men still dominated managerial roles and well-paid jobs.

Concerns about Immigration

Fears arose regarding Eastern European immigrants potentially bringing communist ideologies and the economic impacts post-WW1, leading to a rise in socialist strikes.

The Red Scare

Heightened racism and fear of communism defined the era, following Russia's shift to communism.

Immigration Restrictions

The Palmer Raids targeted suspected radicals, leading to the deportation of 10,000 immigrants.
The Johnson-Reed Act of 1924 established a limit of 150,000 immigrants annually.

Famous Victims of the Red Scare

Sacco and Vanzetti, Italian anarchists wrongfully executed for robbery and murder, became symbols of injustice.

Sacco and Vanzetti Case

Arrested in 1920, they were found guilty mainly due to prejudicial views held by Judge Webster Thayer.

Racial Segregation

Jim Crow Laws enforced racial segregation, denying black people access to public facilities and voting rights.

Ku Klux Klan Popularity

The Klan's revival in 1915 peaked at 5 million members by 1925, promoted by favorable depictions in cultural media.

Lynching Statistics

Approximately 50 lynchings per year occurred in the South during the early 1920s.

Challenges Faced by Black Americans

Northern black Americans struggled against systemic racism, facing poor housing, limited job opportunities, and low wages.

Decline of KKK Membership

A violent reputation and scandal, such as the Grand Wizard's conviction for murder, led to decreased membership by 1929.

Prohibition Introduction

Prohibition began in January 1920 with the Volstead Act, aimed at reducing alcohol consumption.

Justifications for Prohibition

Concerns over moral decline, public campaigns against alcohol, and a patriotic push during WW1 contributed to Prohibition's inception.

Evasion of Prohibition

Many Americans circumvented prohibition through the creation of speakeasies and illegal stills.

Moonshine Production

Homemade alcohol known as moonshine was widely produced in illicit stills.

Enforcement Issues with Prohibition

Enforcement faced challenges from organized crime, corruption, and widespread disregard for the law.

Smuggling Impact

Gangs profited enormously, estimated at $6 billion from illegal alcohol sales, with significant gang violence reported in Chicago.

Gangster Influence

Prohibition empowered gangsters like Al Capone, with corruption pervasive among enforcement agents.

Notable Massacre

The St. Valentine's Day massacre in 1929 involved Al Capone's men killing seven rival gang members.

Reasons for Prohibition's Failure

High demand for alcohol persisted, leading to the proliferation of speakeasies and illicit bars.

Repeal of Prohibition

Franklin D. Roosevelt repealed prohibition on December 5, 1933, with the 21st Amendment, aiming to bolster the economy and create jobs.

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Description

Explore the vibrant and transformative era of the 1920s in the United States through these flashcards. Discover key figures, cultural phenomena, and societal changes that defined the decade, including cinema attendance and icons like Clara Bow.